Coinfection of Chytrid Fungi in Urodeles during an Outbreak of Chytridiomycosis in Spain

M. P. Ribas, Ó. Cabezón, R. Velarde, Josep Estruch, E. Serrano, J. Bosch, Barbora Thumsová, A. Martínez-Silvestre
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Abstract: Chytridiomycosis, caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal), has had an unprecedented impact on amphibian biodiversity. Although Bd is globally widespread, Bsal is currently spreading, increasing the probability that these pathogens will co-occur in individual amphibians. Interactions among coinfecting parasites can have significant outcomes on disease dynamics and impact and, therefore, may have important consequences for amphibian conservation. We analyzed the patterns of Bd-Bsal coinfections in two species of free-ranging urodeles during an outbreak of chytridiomycosis in Spain. Our goals were to assess 1) the probability of co-occurrence of both chytrid species and 2) the correlation of pathogen loads in coinfected hosts. We detected coinfections in 81.58% of Triturus marmoratus (n=38) and in 18.75% of Ichthyosaura alpestris (n=16). Histopathologic lesions of chytridiomycosis were observed only in T. marmoratus. Our results demonstrate a positive relationship between Bd and Bsal loads in T. marmoratus, whereas the co-occurrence analysis showed a random association among pathogens in both urodele species. Overall, we show that Bd-Bsal coinfections intensify pathogen load in T. marmoratus and could, therefore, increase disease severity and have important consequences for the conservation of some amphibian species.
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西班牙壶菌病暴发期间尿路菌群中壶菌的共感染
摘要:水蛭壶菌病是由水蛭壶菌(Batrachochytrium dendroatidis, Bd)和蝾螈壶菌(Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans, Bsal)引起的,对两栖动物的生物多样性造成了前所未有的影响。虽然双盲虫在全球广泛传播,但双盲虫目前正在传播,这增加了这些病原体在个别两栖动物中同时发生的可能性。共同感染寄生虫之间的相互作用可对疾病动态和影响产生重大影响,因此可能对两栖动物保护产生重要影响。在西班牙爆发壶菌病期间,我们分析了两种自由放养的狐猴的Bd-Bsal合并感染的模式。我们的目标是评估1)两种壶菌共同出现的可能性和2)共同感染宿主中病原体负荷的相关性。共感染率分别为81.58%(38只)和18.75%(16只)。壶菌病的组织病理学病变仅在T. marmoratus中观察到。我们的研究结果表明,黑腹弓形虫的bsd和Bsal负荷呈正相关,而共现分析显示,这两种弓形虫的病原体之间存在随机关联。综上所述,我们的研究表明,bbd - bsal的共感染增加了T. marmoratus的病原体负荷,因此可能增加疾病的严重程度,并对一些两栖动物物种的保护产生重要影响。
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