Phylogenetic and kinematic constraints on avian flight signals

Karl S. Berg, S. Delgado, A. Mata-Betancourt
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引用次数: 6

Abstract

Many birds vocalize in flight. Because wingbeat and respiratory cycles are often linked in flying vertebrates, birds in these cases must satisfy the respiratory demands of vocal production within the physiological limits imposed by flight. Using acoustic triangulation and high-speed video, we found that avian vocal production in flight exhibits a largely phasic and kinematic relationship with the power stroke. However, the sample of species showed considerable flexibility, especially those from lineages known for vocal plasticity (songbirds, parrots and hummingbirds), prompting a broader phylogenetic analysis. We thus collected data from 150 species across 12 avian orders and examined the links between wingbeat period, flight call duration and body mass. Overall, shorter wingbeat periods, controlling for ancestry and body mass, were correlated with shorter flight call durations. However, species from vocal learner lineages produced flight signals that, on average, exceeded multiple phases of their wingbeat cycle, while vocal non-learners had signal periods that were, on average, closer to the duration of their power stroke. These results raise an interesting question: is partial emancipation from respiratory constraints a necessary step in the evolution of vocal learning or an epiphenomenon? Our current study cannot provide the answer, but it does suggest several avenues for future research.
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鸟类飞行信号的系统发育和运动学约束
许多鸟在飞行时会发出声音。因为在飞行的脊椎动物中,翅膀拍击和呼吸循环经常是联系在一起的,在这种情况下,鸟类必须在飞行所施加的生理限制内满足发声的呼吸需求。利用声学三角测量和高速视频,我们发现鸟类在飞行中的声音产生与力量冲程有很大的相位和运动学关系。然而,物种样本显示出相当大的灵活性,尤其是那些以声音可塑性著称的谱系(鸣禽、鹦鹉和蜂鸟),这促使了更广泛的系统发育分析。因此,我们收集了12个鸟类目的150个物种的数据,并研究了翅拍期、飞行呼叫时间和体重之间的关系。总的来说,在控制血统和体重的情况下,较短的拍翼时间与较短的飞行呼叫持续时间相关。然而,来自发声学习者谱系的物种产生的飞行信号平均超过了它们拍翼周期的多个阶段,而发声非学习者的信号周期平均更接近它们的力量拍击的持续时间。这些结果提出了一个有趣的问题:从呼吸限制中部分解放是声乐学习进化的必要步骤还是一种附带现象?我们目前的研究无法提供答案,但它确实为未来的研究提供了一些途径。
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