A study to detect numerical aberrations of cyclin D1 gene using Fluorescence in situ hybridization technique among patients of oral squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract

Introduction : The Cyclin D1 gene (CCND1) located on chromosome 11q13 is a positive regulator of the cell cycle. It encodes a nuclear protein that plays an important role in the tumorigenesis of human cancers. Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate numerical aberration of Cyclin D1 gene by using Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH) in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tumor section obtained from histological confirmed 50 OSCC patients from Department of Oncology, ENT and Pathology, S.M.S. Medical College, Jaipur. The FISH technique was used to detect the numerical aberrations of Cyclin D1 using the Vysis protocol. Results: The CCND1 numerical aberration was found positive in 18(36.0%) of 50 patients of OSCCs. Low level amplification was found in 9(11.3%), Cluster amplification 6(7.5%), polysomy 2(2.5%) and deletion of Cyclin D1 1(1.3%) respectively. There was not statistically significant association of histopathological differentiation, site of carcinoma, lymph node metastasis with gender. A significant association (P=0.004) was present between stage of carcinoma and types of numerical aberration of Cyclin D1 gene. Cyclin D1 aberration showed a significant association with lymph node metastasis (P=0.038). We have found no significant association between risk factors (tabacco chewing, smoking and alcohol consumption) to aberration of Cyclin D1 gene. Conclusions: Analysis of the CCND1 numerical aberration using FISH on paraffin embedded tumor section may be a useful and practical method for predicting aggressive tumors, recurrence and clinical outcome in patients with OSCCs.