Formation of Polar Lipids and Isoprenoid Compounds in Heat-Treated 70S Ribosome-Deficient Rye Leaves

Udo Kosmac, J. Feierabend
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引用次数: 9

Abstract

The chloroplast-specific glycolipids monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, digalactosyldiacylglycerol, sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol and the prenylquinones α-tocopherol, plastoquinone-9 and phylloquinone were formed in the 70S ribosome-deficient leaf tissue of rye seedlings grown at a non-permissive temperature of 32°C. In light 32°-grown 70S ribosome-deficient leaves were chlorotic. Etiolated 32°-grown leaves contained about 50% of the protochlorophyll(ide) content of control leaves from permissive growth conditions (22°C). As in chloroplasts, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and digalactosyldiacylglycerol were the predominating polar lipids in isolated bleached ribosome-deficient plastids. Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol and the phospholipids phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol were also present. The 32°-grown 70S ribosome-deficient leaves contained the same molecular species of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and digalactosyldiacylglycerol as 22°-grown control leaves. As under permissive conditions linoleic and linolenic acid were the prevailing fatty acids of the galactolipids from 70S ribosome-deficient leaves. All enzymes of the biosynthesis of protochlorophyll(ide) and of the chloroplast glycolipids and prenylquinones must be synthesized on cytoplasmic 80S ribosomes. In accord with the reduction of the thylakoid system the ratio of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol to digalactosyldiacylglycerol was lower in 70S ribosome-deficient than in normal green leaves. In etiolated leaves grown at either 32°C or 22°C the amounts of the glycolipids and prenylquinones did not differ markedly. However, in light the glycolipid and prenylquinone contents remained almost as low in the bleached 70S ribosome-deficient leaves as in darkness, while several-fold increases accompanied greening of normal leaves in light. The data suggest that the light-mediated increase of glycolipids and prenylquinones depends on the availability of chlorophyll. The contents of steroidal saponins in oat leaves were slightly higher in light than in darkness and showed no specific relationship to the presence of etioplasts. They did not notably differ in 22°- or 32°-grown leaves.

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热处理70S核糖体缺失黑麦叶片极性脂类和类异戊二烯化合物的形成
在非允许温度32℃下生长的70S核糖体缺失的黑麦幼苗叶片组织中,形成了叶绿体特异性糖脂类单半乳糖基二酰基甘油、双半乳糖基二酰基甘油、磺基喹啉基二酰基甘油和丙烯醌类α-生育酚、质体醌-9和叶绿醌。光照下,32°生长的70S核糖体缺乏的叶片褪绿。黄化32°生长叶片的原叶绿素(ide)含量约为22°C条件下对照叶片的50%。与叶绿体一样,在分离的脱色核糖体缺陷质体中,单半乳糖二酰甘油和双半乳糖二酰甘油是主要的极性脂质。磺基喹啉二酰基甘油、磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰甘油和磷脂酰肌醇也存在。32°生长的70S核糖体缺陷叶片与22°生长的对照叶片含有相同的单半乳糖二酰基甘油和双半乳糖二酰基甘油分子种类。在允许条件下,亚油酸和亚麻酸是70S核糖体缺陷叶片半乳糖脂的主要脂肪酸。原叶绿素(ide)、叶绿体糖脂和烯丙基醌生物合成的所有酶都必须在胞质80S核糖体上合成。与类囊体系统的减少一致,70S核糖体缺陷的叶片中单半乳糖二酰基甘油与双半乳糖二酰基甘油的比例低于正常叶片。在32°C和22°C条件下生长的黄化叶片中,糖脂和烯丙基醌的含量没有显著差异。然而,在光照下,70S核糖体缺失的漂白叶片的糖脂和丙烯醌含量几乎与黑暗中一样低,而在光照下正常叶片变绿时,糖脂和丙烯醌含量增加了几倍。这些数据表明,光介导的糖脂和烯丙基醌的增加取决于叶绿素的可用性。光照条件下燕麦叶片中甾体皂苷含量略高于黑暗条件下,与病原菌的存在无明显关系。它们在22°和32°生长的叶片上没有显著差异。
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