The Role of Social Media in Disaster Recovery Following Hurricane Harvey

IF 0.7 4区 管理学 Q4 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management Pub Date : 2020-10-28 DOI:10.1515/jhsem-2018-0054
Courtney Page-Tan
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引用次数: 12

Abstract

Abstract Hurricane Harvey was social media's first real stress test as a disaster response and recovery mechanism. A confluence of conditions makes it an ideal case study of social media's role in disaster recovery: the lack of a government-issued evacuation order, a call from government leadership for willing and able volunteers with a boat or high-water vehicle to perform life-saving rescues, and wide-spread adoption of social media platforms in the Houston area. While research on online social networks and disasters continues to grow, social scientists know little about how these online networks transform during a crisis and, further, how they drive disaster outcomes. With two original datasets, this study investigates how Houston's online social network transformed during Hurricane Harvey (2017), and the relationship between social media activity and post-Harvey recovery. The findings of a social network analysis (N= 2,387,610) and subsequent statistical analyses reveal the Houston-area online social network grew denser, clustered, and more efficient during the disaster. A spatial analysis and three separate regression models of activity before, during, and after Hurricane Harvey reveal that among 333 Nextdoor Neighborhoods, hyperlocal social media activity was a statistically significant predictor of the rate of rebuilding in these geographically based online communities. These findings suggest that policy and decision-makers should invest into online and offline hyperlocal social networks well before a disaster strikes, and leverage resources and legislation to maintain and strengthen the telecommunications and energy infrastructure that supports access to social media and telecommunications infrastructure during a time of crisis.
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哈维飓风过后,社交媒体在灾后恢复中的作用
哈维飓风是社交媒体作为灾难响应和恢复机制的第一次真正的压力测试。一系列条件的结合使它成为研究社交媒体在灾难恢复中的作用的理想案例:缺乏政府发布的疏散令,政府领导层呼吁有意愿和能力的志愿者乘坐船只或高水位车辆进行救生救援,以及社交媒体平台在休斯顿地区的广泛采用。虽然对在线社交网络和灾难的研究不断增长,但社会科学家对这些在线网络在危机期间如何转变以及它们如何导致灾难结果知之甚少。本研究利用两个原始数据集,调查了休斯顿的在线社交网络在飓风哈维(2017)期间的变化,以及社交媒体活动与哈维后恢复之间的关系。社会网络分析(N= 2,387,610)的结果和随后的统计分析表明,休斯顿地区的在线社会网络在灾难期间变得更加密集、聚集和高效。对飓风“哈维”之前、期间和之后的活动进行空间分析和三个独立的回归模型显示,在333个Nextdoor社区中,超本地社交媒体活动是这些基于地理位置的在线社区重建率的统计显著预测因子。这些发现表明,政策制定者和决策者应该在灾难发生之前就对线上和线下的超本地社交网络进行投资,并利用资源和立法来维护和加强电信和能源基础设施,以支持在危机时期访问社交媒体和电信基础设施。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
12.50%
发文量
11
期刊介绍: The Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management publishes original, innovative, and timely articles describing research or practice in the fields of homeland security and emergency management. JHSEM publishes not only peer-reviewed articles, but also news and communiqués from researchers and practitioners, and book/media reviews. Content comes from a broad array of authors representing many professions, including emergency management, engineering, political science and policy, decision science, and health and medicine, as well as from emergency management and homeland security practitioners.
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