Dynamical classical superfluid?insulator transition in a Bose?Einstein condensate on an optical lattice

Abstract

We predict a dynamical classical superfluid–insulator transition in a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) trapped in combined optical and axially symmetrical harmonic potentials initiated by the periodic modulation of the radial trapping potential. The transition is marked by a loss of phase coherence in the BEC and a subsequent destruction of the interference pattern upon free expansion. For a weak modulation of the radial potential the phase coherence is maintained. For a stronger modulation and a longer holding time in the modulated trap, the phase coherence is destroyed thus signalling a classical superfluid–insulator transition. The results are illustrated by a complete numerical solution of the axially symmetrical mean-field Gross–Pitaevskii equation for a repulsive BEC. Suggestions for future experimentation are made.