Diagnosis of extra pulmonary tuberculosis by culture

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease mainly caused by Mycobacterium bacterium (M. tuberculosis) and less frequent by M. bovis (zoonotic disease). Which is an intracellular aerobic bacillus characterized, by the formation of granulomas in tissues.1 According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), TB is essentially a pulmonary disease that represents 85% of the cases, although it can also affect other organs and tissues (extra pulmonary TB [EPTB]). The mechanism of transmission is through the air when a person suffering from pulmonary TB (PTB) expels the bacteria, through productive cough; although, there is a relatively low relation that a person infected with M. tuberculosis develops TB. The probability of developing TB is much higher in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or some other co morbidities such as diabetes.2 There are other forms of transmission or acquisition of the disease, one of them can be trough the skin.3 According to WHO data, TB is the second cause of mortality around the world after acquired human immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) due to an infectious agent. In 2013, nine million people became ill with TB and 1.5 million died of this disease. More than 95% of TB deaths occurred in lowincome countries and medium income, is one of the five main causes of death in women between 15 and 44 years. In 2013 it is estimated that 550,000 children became ill with TB and that 80,000 seronegative children died. It is the main cause of death in people infected with HIV, a quarter of them is related to TB. An estimated 480,000 people have developed Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and, which would cause 170,000 deaths associated with MDR-TB worldwide.2