Effect of Manures Composted with High Quality Organic Residues on Dry Matter Accumulation, Nitrogen Uptake and Maize Grain Yield

F. Kihanda
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引用次数: 5

Abstract

ABSTRACT Nitrogen is a major limiting nutrient in the maize-growing areas of central Kenya highlands. Due to the high cost of inorganic fertilisers, the majority of the farmers use farmyard manure (FYM) to improve crop productivity. However, FYM produced in the area is often of low quality particularly in terms of N concentration. Studies previously carried out in the region showed that composting FYM with different proportions of Tithonia diversifolia (tithonia) or Lantana camara (lantana) improved the N content of the manure considerably. This study was conducted to test whether composted manure would improve growth and yield of maize. A field trial consisting of seven treatments: FYM composted with tithonia (1:1 and 3:1 ratios), or lantana (1:1 and 3:1 ratios), FYM composted alone, inorganic N fertiliser and an absolute control was laid out in low N site. Maize (Zea mays cv. Hybrid 513) was the test crop. The treatments were arranged in a RCBD replicated 3 times. The various compost types and the inorganic fertiliser were applied at an equivalent rate of 100 kg N/ha. Above ground maize biomass was taken at 2, 6, 10, 14 and 18 weeks after crop emergence, dried to a constant weight and the N content determined. The plant N uptake for each period was calculated as a product of dry matter and N content in the maize tissue. Grain yield was adjusted to 13% moisture content. It was observed that dry matter yield, N uptake and final grain yield of maize were significantly higher in FYM composted with tithonia or lantana than the control or FYM composted alone treatments. Amongst the composts, the highest dry matter accumulation and N uptake was observed in FYM composted with tithonia at 1:1 ratio. Inorganic fertiliser treatments gave the highest dry matter and N uptake. Based on the growth and N uptake in the fertiliser treatment it was concluded that the N release in all the compost was lower than the crop demand.
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优质有机肥堆肥对玉米干物质积累、氮素吸收和产量的影响
氮是肯尼亚中部高原玉米种植区的主要限制性养分。由于无机肥料成本高,大多数农民使用农家肥(FYM)来提高作物生产力。然而,该地区生产的FYM通常质量较低,特别是在氮浓度方面。以前在该地区进行的研究表明,在FYM中添加不同比例的Tithonia difolia (Tithonia)或Lantana camara (Lantana camara)可显著提高肥料的N含量。本试验旨在研究堆肥对玉米生长和产量的促进作用。在低氮试验区,采用7个处理:FYM与铁磷(1:1和3:1的比例)堆肥,或lantana(1:1和3:1的比例),FYM单独堆肥,无机氮肥和绝对对照。玉米(Zea mays cv.)杂交种513是试验作物。这些处理被安排在一个重复3次的RCBD中。不同类型的堆肥和无机肥料按100 kg N/ha的等量施用。分别于作物出苗后2、6、10、14和18周采集玉米地上生物量,干燥至定重,测定氮含量。以玉米组织中干物质和氮含量的乘积计算各生育期植株的氮吸收量。籽粒产量调整为含水率13%。结果表明,在玉米干物质产量、氮素吸收量和终粒产量方面,掺加铁磷或蓝苔处理的FYM显著高于对照或单独堆肥处理。干物质积累量和氮素吸收量均以1:1比例加硫的FYM堆肥最高。无机肥处理对干物质和氮的吸收最高。综合各施肥处理的生长和氮素吸收情况,认为所有堆肥的氮素释放量均低于作物需要量。
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