The current state of the problem of tick-borne encephalitis in Russia and the world

N. Kolyasnikova, A. Ishmukhametov, V. Akimkin
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Relevance. Despite the successes achieved over the 85-year history of the study of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), there are still many controversial and unresolved issues. It is obvious that in the second decade of the XXI century, this natural focal neuroinfection, as before, poses a great threat to public health not only in Russia, but also in endemic countries of the world. Aim. To present modern aspects of etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, specific prevention of TBE in Russia and endemic countries of the world. Conclusions. Currently, there are 4 genotypes of the TBE virus: Far Eastern, European, Siberian and Baikal, each of which has its own area, pathogenic potential for humans. Nosoareal of TBE covers most of the territory of Russia, 29 European countries. Cases of TBE disease or viral activity are registered in six Asian countries. For the correct verification of the diagnosis, criteria for the diagnosis of cases of the disease have been developed, which mainly concern unvaccinated persons. Since highly effective etiotropic drugs for the treatment of TBE have not yet been developed, the only strategy for reducing the incidence of TBE is mass vaccination of the population of endemic regions. Due to the increase in the rate of vaccination in Russia and European countries, in order to improve epidemiological surveillance of TBE, standards for specific laboratory diagnosis of the disease among vaccinated persons, clarification of the causes of the incidence of vaccinated, as well as deaths among them, need to be clarified. In conditions of combination of natural foci of TBE and other tick-borne infections, it is important to develop diagnostic algorithms, including differential diagnosis of this disease with other infections transmitted by Ixodic ticks.
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俄罗斯和世界蜱传脑炎问题的现状
的相关性。尽管在85年的蜱传脑炎(TBE)研究历史中取得了成功,但仍有许多争议和未解决的问题。显然,在二十一世纪的第二个十年,这种自然局灶性神经感染与以前一样,不仅对俄罗斯,而且对世界流行国家的公共卫生构成巨大威胁。的目标。介绍俄罗斯和世界流行国家TBE的病因学,流行病学,诊断,具体预防的现代方面。结论。目前,流行性乙型脑炎病毒有4种基因型:远东型、欧洲型、西伯利亚型和贝加尔湖型,每种基因型都有其对人类的致病潜力。俄罗斯联邦铁路覆盖了俄罗斯大部分领土和欧洲29个国家。在6个亚洲国家登记了TBE疾病或病毒活动病例。为了正确核实诊断,已经制定了该病病例的诊断标准,主要涉及未接种疫苗的人。由于尚未开发出治疗TBE的高效致病性药物,减少TBE发病率的唯一策略是在流行地区大规模接种疫苗。由于俄罗斯和欧洲国家疫苗接种率的增加,为了改善对TBE的流行病学监测,需要明确疫苗接种者中疾病的具体实验室诊断标准,澄清疫苗接种发生率以及其中死亡的原因。在TBE自然疫源地和其他蜱传感染相结合的情况下,重要的是开发诊断算法,包括将该病与其他蜱传感染进行鉴别诊断。
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