Artificial Intelligence: Future of Firearm Examination

Abstract

The current standard procedure for firearm examination is to compare two gunshot samples, one from the crime scene and the other from a firearm test shot. A bullet recovered at a crime scene can be studied using a comparison microscope, which allows a ballistics examiner to determine and compare the bullet to ascertain its source and if it was shot from the same firearm, which is a subjective analysis. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the approach of artificial intelligence for the examination of bullets to obtain an objective analysis. An effort was made through this research to evaluate the aims of artificial intelligence in forensic ballistics and to examine the class characteristics such as rifling marks and individual characteristics of a bullet and include a method of recommendation. The end-point objectives of this review are improvements and alterations to enhance the examination of a submitted bullet using the latest technological innovation such as a virtual microscope, quantum 3D microscope, and artificial intelligence expert systems. In conclusion, we discussed the use and relevance of advanced technologies to help obtain a reliable assessment of the bullet comparison other than the conventional methods.