Giza 183 Egyptian rice variety: a step to confront climate change challenges

Abstract

Climate change is one of the biggest threats to plant species around the world. As one of the most important crops worldwide, rice is an awfully climate-sensitive agro-ecosystem. Therefore, Giza 183 will be released in 2023 as a high-yielding variety that has been adapted to mitigate climate change. This new variety is the product of cross-breeding between Giza 178 and SKC 23893 in 2010. The first generation, "F1,” of this cross was evaluated in 2011 and planted as the F2 generation in 2012. Sequentially, the next generations from F3 to F6 were evaluated in the pedigree trails from 2013 to 2016, under cross number “GZ 10848." Five promising sister lines of GZ 10848 were selected and evaluated in the preliminary yield trail (GZ 10848-1-2-2-1, GZ 10848-1-2-2-2, GZ 10848-1-2-4-5, GZ 10848-1-2-5-3, and GZ 10848-1-2-5-6). The results revealed that the promising line GZ 10848-1-2-2-1 “Giza 183” surpassed all selected lines. Accordingly, Giza 183 was evaluated from 2017 to 2022 in multi -location yield trails at Sakha, Gemmiza, and Zarzoura as normal conditions and El-Sirw as saline conditions, as well as in regional, final, and verification yield trails. The evaluation resulted in a significant superiority of the yield of Giza 183 over Giza 178, with shorter growth duration and blast resistance. The new variety grain yield recorded 10.88, 10.47, 11.30, 10.60, and 10.70 t/ha during the 2017 to 2022 seasons under normal conditions, respectively, with a total duration of 122 days. while the grain yield for Giza 178 was recoded at 10.50, 10.54, 9.90, 10.00, 9.80, and 10.30 t/ha during the same seasons and conditions, with a total duration of 135 days. Furthermore, Giza 183 exhibited a higher yield than Giza 178 as a salt tolerance check variety at a rate of 0.800 – 0.160 t/ha under saline conditions at El-Sirw Agricultural Research Station in different years of evaluation. Giza 183 showed a high level of blast resistance in blast nursery and trap varieties in the field and artificial inoculation under greenhouse conditions. Finally, the new rice variety Giza 183 is resistant to stem borer and has high grain quality traits