Knowledge Gap as Barrier to Influenza Vaccination at a University Primary Care Clinic

Abstract

INTRODUCTION Since the influenza vaccination rate in West Virginia has been low in comparison to the Healthy People 2020 Goal of 70%, we sought to understand the barriers to vaccination. METHODS A questionnaire was administered to adult patients 18 years and older who sought care between October 1, 2017, and February 28,2018, at a university primary care clinic. The participants were divided into two groups: patients who received or intended to receive the influenza vaccine (vaccinated group) and those who declined it (unvaccinated group). The two groups were compared to assess differences in knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions. RESULTS In total, 178 patients participated. The vaccinated group had increased knowledge of the vaccine's effectiveness (p value < 0.001), vaccine indications (p = 0.044), and reduced disease severity after vaccination (p < 0.001) compared to the unvaccinated group. In addition, the most common reasons for declining vaccination were lack of awareness (34%), fear of side effects (31%), and lack of perceived need or motivation (21%). CONCLUSION A significant knowledge disparity existed between patients who received or planned to receive the influenza vaccine and those who declined, suggesting this knowledge gap may explain the low vaccination rates and emphasizing the importance of counseling patients on the benefits and risks of the vaccine.