The generation and effect of salt on brick masonry: An analysis of crumbling walls in DKG area and cultivation around Mohenjo-daro focused at indus valley civilization

Abstract

The Moenjo Daro city was initially designed to be semi amphibian, such agricultural amphibian cities also exist today in the neighbouring places located in Sindh. Soon after excavation problems appeared; despite of numerous attempts for restoration; the problems still prevail. In this paper, I have attempted to address the issues considering the root causes thus have divided the paper into two major parts. The water level and salts are not surely the sole factor -cause for deterioration of buildings as e.g. the geology of the area is another factor (seismic data, crust movements, winds etc.). Throughout the study, the main cause which is the effect of salt have been scientifically analysed asking basic but viable questions like how, where and why it the salt attacks. The research is further taken into experimental consideration to authenticate the findings and possible recommendations have been also provided. The proposed recommendations are less expensive, easy to commence and maintain and authentic in increasing the longevity of Mohenjo-daro baked brick masonry. The present research is taken mainly in the DK area where tall walls still towering the area. The main street, chief house, mud brick wall and other were considered for sampling. After which the immediate surroundings of the Mohenjo-daro were also previewed where cultivation is regularly exercised. This activity has immensely contributed the problem and has increased the water table and salinity in the top surface soil and has ultimately become the major source for the generations of the salts. A workable low cast proposal has been provided; if launched, the fruits will be immense.