Compressing Convolutional Neural Networks via Factorized Convolutional Filters

Abstract

This work studies the model compression for deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) via filter pruning. The workflow of a traditional pruning consists of three sequential stages: pre-training the original model, selecting the pre-trained filters via ranking according to a manually designed criterion (e.g., the norm of filters), and learning the remained filters via fine-tuning. Most existing works follow this pipeline and focus on designing different ranking criteria for filter selection. However, it is difficult to control the performance due to the separation of filter selection and filter learning. In this work, we propose to conduct filter selection and filter learning simultaneously, in a unified model. To this end, we define a factorized convolutional filter (FCF), consisting of a standard real-valued convolutional filter and a binary scalar, as well as a dot-product operator between them. We train a CNN model with factorized convolutional filters (CNN-FCF) by updating the standard filter using back-propagation, while updating the binary scalar using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) based optimization method. With this trained CNN-FCF model, we only keep the standard filters corresponding to the 1-valued scalars, while all other filters and all binary scalars are discarded, to obtain a compact CNN model. Extensive experiments on CIFAR-10 and ImageNet demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over state-of-the-art filter pruning methods.