Optimal geographic placement of PMU for Wide Area Measurement System

Abstract

this paper presents a methodology to solve the problem of optimal placement of WAMS in an electric power transmission system. In this paper two approaches are introduced aiming at reducing the computational burden in Optimal Placement problems. The goal is to make a preliminary analysis of optimal placement of PMU (OPP) and subsequently to optimize the costs of the communication network (CN) through the minimization of distances of connection between each node. For this purpose, an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) based on algorithm for the PMU placement has been modified and expanded to determine optimal PMU locations by incorporating the effect of zero-injection buses and conventional measurements. In addition, Kruskal's Minimum Spanning Tree algorithm is used to obtain the optimal communication networks with minimum investment. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified in a real large size transmission system, where geo-referenced data (coordinates) of the buses (nodes) and transmission lines that make up the entire network are obtained. The main objective focuses on minimizing the cost associated with PMU placement and communication network, while ensuring the full observability of the system.