PACT - One Step Closer to Well Control Autonomy

Christian Petersen, O. Strand, E. Johansen, Dag Almar Hansen, D. Fredheim, P. Ohlckers
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Abstract

Pressure control have been going through steps of evolution. In the highlight of safety, reliability and control, the systems have been sturdy withstanding massive pressure and environmental impact to last the time of estimated life of well. Design have been emphasizing on sturdiness rather than intelligence and autonomy. Time moves on, sophistication levels rise in all parts of our industry. Sustainability and lower environmental impact of solutions grow from the young into business planning and democratic policies. Control lines of hydraulic systems posed risks to the environment as well as being costly in structure and maintenance. Condition monitoring helped ensure better maintenance planning and lowered the risk of breakdown, but still left a lot to be desired reaching for self-contained, self learning systems with low installation and maintenance costs, yet the safest approach. The next steps were taken towards electrification and digitization of pressure control systems, making short and undetermined strides over almost two decades. Still, the standards are not following the pace of technological progress. And when someone dares to pilot or demonstrate modern technology applied, the installations and operational procedures of the systems still need expensive distributed lines of power, of signals and control systems to ensure a swift and safe operation. The fly-by-wire principle applied in oil & gas is the operate-by-costly-technology-and-environmental-impact-lines. With the introduction of new and breaking technology in energy harvesting and storage, the playing field opens up towards fully automated systems with no need for expensive power lines or hydraulic control lines. The safety will be taken care of also off-grid, fully digitized. Should cabling of instrument signals be damaged, the system of tomorrow will still be up to par with the Safety Integrity Levels needed. New super-capacitors with an extra dense storage capacity being developed in partnership between the industry and the University of southeast Norway combined with an extremely low energy consuming actuation system with the fastest failsafe mechanism ever will ensure safety in all modes of operation, even with all lines down or consumed by flames. The paper aims to show how the technology works and underline why it will take a place in the future of well control and production.
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PACT——离井控自动化又近了一步
压力控制一直在经历进化的步骤。在安全性、可靠性和控制性方面,该系统能够承受巨大的压力和环境影响,并在井的预期寿命内保持稳定。设计一直强调坚固性,而不是智能和自主性。随着时间的推移,我们行业各个方面的复杂程度都在提高。可持续性和低环境影响的解决方案从年轻人成长为商业规划和民主政策。液压系统的控制线不仅对环境有危害,而且在结构和维护上都很昂贵。状态监测有助于确保更好的维护计划,降低故障风险,但对于安装和维护成本低、但最安全的独立、自学习系统来说,还有很多需要改进的地方。接下来的步骤是压力控制系统的电气化和数字化,在近二十年的时间里,取得了短暂而不确定的进展。然而,这些标准并没有跟上技术进步的步伐。当有人敢于试验或演示现代技术的应用时,系统的安装和操作程序仍然需要昂贵的分布式电源线,信号和控制系统,以确保快速和安全的运行。应用于油气行业的电传控制原理是根据技术成本和环境影响进行操作。随着能源收集和存储领域的突破性新技术的引入,无需昂贵的电力线或液压控制线的全自动系统成为可能。安全问题也将由离网处理,完全数字化。即使仪器信号的布线被损坏,未来的系统仍将达到所需的安全完整性水平。工业界与挪威东南大学合作开发的新型超级电容器具有额外的高密度存储容量,结合具有最快故障安全机制的极低能耗驱动系统,将确保所有运行模式下的安全,即使所有线路关闭或被火焰吞噬。本文旨在展示该技术的工作原理,并强调为什么它将在未来的井控和生产中占有一席之地。
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