Microbial indicators of contamination of water and sediments by warfare agents in Baltic Sea dump sites

Y. Polyak, N. Medvedeva, T. Zaytseva
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Abstract

Our research revealed changes in the composition of the Baltic Sea microbial populations, namely, an increase in numbers of the physiological group of microorganisms that develop owing to organic compounds contaminating chemical weapon dump sites. We found that mustard gas hydrolysis products (MGHPs) - tolerant microorganisms were predominant in nearbottom water in many stations in the Baltic Sea dumping areas. The proportion of this group of indicator bacteria both in the total number of microorganisms and the amount of heterotrophic bacteria tended to increase. Comparison of the number of the indicator bacteria with the total number of heterotrophs allowed estimating the degree of contamination of marine ecosystem and characterizing the response of microbiota to the effect of warfare agents. Microbiological investigations revealed the concentration of MGHPs-tolerant microorganisms up to 20 - 98% of total number of heterotrophs in Gotland Deep, Strait of Skagerrack and Bornholm Basin. The ldquoabnormalrdquo sites characterized with a poor spectrum of heterotrophic microorganisms. At some stations the dominance of minimal number of species in near-bottom waters was observed. The species diversity of the microbial population in the dump sites was reduced because of an increase in the number of MGHPs-tolerant microorganisms. Thus, high number of microorganisms tolerant to MGHPs in near-bottom waters indicates possible leaking of CW agents into the environment and contamination of water and sediments with mustard gas and products of its hydrolysis in dumping areas.
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波罗的海垃圾场战剂对水和沉积物污染的微生物指标
我们的研究揭示了波罗的海微生物种群组成的变化,即由于有机化合物污染化学武器倾倒场而产生的生理类微生物数量增加。我们发现,在波罗的海倾倒区许多站点的近底水中,芥子气水解产物(MGHPs)耐受微生物占主导地位。这组指示菌在微生物总数和异养菌数量中所占的比例都有增加的趋势。将指示菌的数量与异养菌的总数进行比较,可以估计海洋生态系统的污染程度,并描述微生物群对战剂影响的反应。微生物学调查显示,哥特兰深、斯卡格拉克海峡和博恩霍尔姆盆地的异养菌中耐mghps微生物的浓度高达20 - 98%。ldquoabnormal位点具有异养微生物谱差的特征。在一些站点,观察到近底水域中少数物种的优势。由于耐mghps微生物数量的增加,排土场微生物种群的物种多样性降低。因此,近底水域中对MGHPs耐受的大量微生物表明,可能有连续化学剂泄漏到环境中,倾倒区域的水和沉积物受到芥子气及其水解产物的污染。
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Modelled bioaccumulation of chemical warfare agents within the Baltic Sea food web Coastal eutrophication phenomena in the eastern Gulf of Finland Observing system depiction of circulation on the SE US coastal ocean Defining the extent of coastal zone for ecosystem-based management Geophysical investigations of a chemical munition dumpsite in the Baltic Sea
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