Further ultrastructural observations on the epidermis of phoronids: Phoronis australis and Phoronis hippocrepia

A. Aguirre, I. Fernández, F. Pardos, C. Roldán, J. Benito
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On the other hand, these differences may be related to burrowing activities in the three kinds of substrates. We conclude that possible correlations among structural patterns of the epidermis and various habitats primarily involve the relative abundance and distribution of gland-cell types along the trunk and ampulla. Phoronids are marine tube-dwelling invertebrates. The two species used for the present work, Phoronis australis Haswell, 1883, and Phoronis hippocrepia Wright, 1856, and a third species, Phoronis psammophila Cori, 1889, to which they are compared, build tubes in different substrates. P. psammophila lives in the intertidal and shallow subtidal zones (0-18 m depth) in sandy or muddy sediments, and its tube is covered by aggregated sediment particles (Emig, 1971; Fernandez et al., 1991); P. hippocrepia is found from the intertidal zone to 55 m depth, burrowing in rocks or empty shells or incrusting hard substrates; its tube is sinuous, without aggregated particles, except on the portion of the tube outside of the substrate (Emig, 1971; Emig & Bailey-Brock, 1987). P. australis occurs between the low-tide mark to 36 m depth and builds its tube in the tube wall of cerianthids, which may be considered a hard substrate (Emig, 1971; Emig et al., 1972). A detailed description of the epidermal cell types and their distributions along the trunk of P. psammophila was provided by Fernandez et al. (1991), who confirmed the statements of Pourreau (1979) relative to the role played by epidermal gland cells in tube construction. We have studied the ultrastructure of the epidermis of the trunk and ampulla of P. australis and P. hippocrepia in order to compare these species with P. psammophila and to describe possible relationships between the structure of the epidermis and habitat. I We thank Dr. C. C. Emig (Station Marine d'Endoume, Marseille) for the facilities needed to collect specimens of Phoronis hippocrepia and Drs. G. San Martin and E. Garcia Raso for kindly providing the specimens of Phoronis australis used in this study. This work was supported by a research grant (PB 860010) of the Comisi6n Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CICYT). TRANS. AM. MICROSC. SOC., 112(4): 280-291. 1993. ? Copyright, 1993, by the American Microscopical Society, Inc. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.57 on Thu, 08 Sep 2016 06:10:38 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms VOL. 112, NO. 4, OCTOBER 1993 MATERIALS AND METHODS Individuals of both species studied were collected on the Mediterranean coast; Phoronis hippocrepia was found in a submarine cave near Marseille (France) at 10 m depth, and Phoronis australis was collected at 2-3 m depth in Almeria, SW coast of Spain, within tubes of Cerianthus sp. (Anthozoa). Specimens were fixed in 4% glutaraldehyde buffered with 0.1 M cacodylate in filtered seawater and postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide in the same buffer. Tissue pieces then were dehydrated in an acetone series, stained en bloc in 2% uranyl acetate during dehydration, and embedded in Araldite via propylene oxide. Ultrathin sections were obtained with an LKB III ultramicrotome, stained with lead citrate, and examined with a Philips EM 201 electron microscope. For histochemical tests, specimens were fixed in neutral buffered formalin or Bouin's fluid and embedded in paraffin wax. Blocks were sectioned at 5-7 ,m. The following histochemical techniques were applied (details in Gabe, 1968; Lison, 1960; Pearse, 1968): 1. For characterization of mucopolysaccharides: periodic acid-Shiff (PAS), Alcian blue 8GX (AB) at pH 2.5 and 1.5; AB-PAS, and Toluidine blue (TB) at pH 4.2-1.5. 2. For proteins: Danielli's tetrazo reaction with or without previous treatment by DNFB (dinitrofluorobenzene), performic oxidation, benzoylation, and deamination.","PeriodicalId":23957,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the American Microscopical Society","volume":"14 1","pages":"280-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"1993-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"6","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Transactions of the American Microscopical Society","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3226563","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6

Abstract

The epidermis of two species of phoronids, Phoronis australis and Phoronis hippocrepia, was studied using transmission electron microscopy and histochemical techniques. Results were compared with information available for Phoronis psammophila. The epidermis of each of the three species is similar with respect to certain cell types, namely supporting cells, fine-granule-containing cells, and four types of gland cells. These species differ, however, in abundance and distribution of each cell type. Differences may be related to different degrees of lubrication produced in various kinds of habitats (epifaunal, rocky, and sandy habitats). On the other hand, these differences may be related to burrowing activities in the three kinds of substrates. We conclude that possible correlations among structural patterns of the epidermis and various habitats primarily involve the relative abundance and distribution of gland-cell types along the trunk and ampulla. Phoronids are marine tube-dwelling invertebrates. The two species used for the present work, Phoronis australis Haswell, 1883, and Phoronis hippocrepia Wright, 1856, and a third species, Phoronis psammophila Cori, 1889, to which they are compared, build tubes in different substrates. P. psammophila lives in the intertidal and shallow subtidal zones (0-18 m depth) in sandy or muddy sediments, and its tube is covered by aggregated sediment particles (Emig, 1971; Fernandez et al., 1991); P. hippocrepia is found from the intertidal zone to 55 m depth, burrowing in rocks or empty shells or incrusting hard substrates; its tube is sinuous, without aggregated particles, except on the portion of the tube outside of the substrate (Emig, 1971; Emig & Bailey-Brock, 1987). P. australis occurs between the low-tide mark to 36 m depth and builds its tube in the tube wall of cerianthids, which may be considered a hard substrate (Emig, 1971; Emig et al., 1972). A detailed description of the epidermal cell types and their distributions along the trunk of P. psammophila was provided by Fernandez et al. (1991), who confirmed the statements of Pourreau (1979) relative to the role played by epidermal gland cells in tube construction. We have studied the ultrastructure of the epidermis of the trunk and ampulla of P. australis and P. hippocrepia in order to compare these species with P. psammophila and to describe possible relationships between the structure of the epidermis and habitat. I We thank Dr. C. C. Emig (Station Marine d'Endoume, Marseille) for the facilities needed to collect specimens of Phoronis hippocrepia and Drs. G. San Martin and E. Garcia Raso for kindly providing the specimens of Phoronis australis used in this study. This work was supported by a research grant (PB 860010) of the Comisi6n Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CICYT). TRANS. AM. MICROSC. SOC., 112(4): 280-291. 1993. ? Copyright, 1993, by the American Microscopical Society, Inc. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.57 on Thu, 08 Sep 2016 06:10:38 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms VOL. 112, NO. 4, OCTOBER 1993 MATERIALS AND METHODS Individuals of both species studied were collected on the Mediterranean coast; Phoronis hippocrepia was found in a submarine cave near Marseille (France) at 10 m depth, and Phoronis australis was collected at 2-3 m depth in Almeria, SW coast of Spain, within tubes of Cerianthus sp. (Anthozoa). Specimens were fixed in 4% glutaraldehyde buffered with 0.1 M cacodylate in filtered seawater and postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide in the same buffer. Tissue pieces then were dehydrated in an acetone series, stained en bloc in 2% uranyl acetate during dehydration, and embedded in Araldite via propylene oxide. Ultrathin sections were obtained with an LKB III ultramicrotome, stained with lead citrate, and examined with a Philips EM 201 electron microscope. For histochemical tests, specimens were fixed in neutral buffered formalin or Bouin's fluid and embedded in paraffin wax. Blocks were sectioned at 5-7 ,m. The following histochemical techniques were applied (details in Gabe, 1968; Lison, 1960; Pearse, 1968): 1. For characterization of mucopolysaccharides: periodic acid-Shiff (PAS), Alcian blue 8GX (AB) at pH 2.5 and 1.5; AB-PAS, and Toluidine blue (TB) at pH 4.2-1.5. 2. For proteins: Danielli's tetrazo reaction with or without previous treatment by DNFB (dinitrofluorobenzene), performic oxidation, benzoylation, and deamination.
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滇滇滇滇滇和滇滇滇滇滇表皮超微结构的进一步观察
采用透射电镜和组织化学技术对两种栉虫(Phoronis australis和Phoronis hippocrepia)表皮进行了研究。结果与沙棘虫现有资料进行了比较。这三种植物的表皮在某些细胞类型上是相似的,即支持细胞、含细颗粒细胞和四种类型的腺体细胞。然而,这些物种在每种细胞类型的丰度和分布上有所不同。这种差异可能与在不同的生境(地表、岩石和沙质生境)中产生的不同程度的润滑有关。另一方面,这些差异可能与三种基质的挖洞活动有关。我们得出结论,表皮结构模式与不同生境之间的可能相关性主要涉及沿树干和壶腹的腺体细胞类型的相对丰度和分布。栉龙是海洋管栖无脊椎动物。本研究中使用的两个物种,1883年的Phoronis australis Haswell和1856年的Phoronis hippocrepia Wright,以及1889年的Phoronis psammophila Cori,它们在不同的基质上建造管道。P. psammophila生活在砂质或泥质沉积物的潮间带和浅潮下带(0-18 m深度),其管被聚集的沉积物颗粒覆盖(Emig, 1971;Fernandez et al., 1991);P. hippocrepia分布于潮间带至55米深,在岩石或空壳或坚硬基质中钻洞;它的管是弯曲的,没有聚集的颗粒,除了在衬底外的管部分(Emig, 1971;Emig & Bailey-Brock, 1987)。南竹属在低潮标记至36 m深度之间生长,在cerianthids的管壁上建管,这可以被认为是一种硬基质(Emig, 1971;Emig et al., 1972)。Fernandez等人(1991)详细描述了P. psammophila的表皮细胞类型及其沿树干的分布,他们证实了Pourreau(1979)关于表皮腺细胞在管道构建中所起作用的陈述。本文研究了南菖蒲(P. australis)和海菖蒲(P. hippocrepia)树干和壶腹表皮的超微结构,以便与沙皮菖蒲(P. psammophila)进行比较,并探讨其表皮结构与生境之间的可能关系。我们感谢C. C. Emig博士(马赛海洋d'Endoume站)提供的设施,以便收集棘球棘球虫的标本。G. San Martin和E. Garcia Raso感谢他们提供了本研究中使用的南棘蝽标本。这项工作得到了法国部际科学技术委员会(CICYT)的研究基金(PB 860010)的支持。反式。点。MICROSC。SOC。生物医学工程学报,12(4):280-291。1993. ? 版权所有,1993年,美国显微学会,Inc。此内容于207.46.13.57(星期四,2016年9月8日)06:10:38 UTC下载。材料和方法在地中海沿岸收集了所研究的两个物种的个体;Phoronis hippocrepia在法国马赛附近10 m深的海底洞穴中被发现,Phoronis australis在西班牙西南海岸Almeria的Cerianthus sp. (anthzoa)的管中被收集到2-3 m深。将标本固定在过滤海水中以0.1 M羧酸盐缓冲的4%戊二醛中,后固定在相同缓冲液中的1%四氧化锇中。然后将组织片在丙酮系列中脱水,在脱水过程中用2%醋酸铀酰整块染色,并通过环氧丙烷包埋在Araldite中。用LKB III超微切片仪获得超薄切片,用柠檬酸铅染色,用Philips EM 201电子显微镜检查。在组织化学测试中,将标本固定在中性缓冲福尔马林或布因液中,并包埋在石蜡中。块在5-7米处切片。应用以下组织化学技术(详见Gabe, 1968;Lison, 1960;皮尔斯,1968):1。表征粘多糖:周期酸- shiff (PAS),阿利新蓝8GX (AB), pH为2.5和1.5;AB-PAS和甲基苯胺蓝(TB), pH为4.2-1.5。2. 对于蛋白质:经过DNFB(二硝基氟苯)处理或未经过DNFB(二硝基氟苯)处理的Danielli's四氮反应、氧化、苯甲酰化和脱氨。
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