Critical Review of National Flood Policy Outcomes

IF 0.7 4区 管理学 Q4 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management Pub Date : 2023-04-06 DOI:10.1515/jhsem-2021-0059
M. Stanley, A. Hotard, Daniel G Pilgreen, Michelle Meyer
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Abstract

Abstract Populations are increasingly exposed to natural hazards due to expanding development and climate change. This exposure is exacerbated by sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors limiting resources for disaster mitigation and recovery. Federal disaster assistance is crucial for communities in the wake of catastrophic events by supplementing local resources. However, recent research suggests that federal disaster assistance may exacerbate existing inequality across social groups. The most pervasive and costliest disaster in the United States is flooding. The federal government maintains multiple programs supporting flood mitigation and recovery, yet a comprehensive understanding of how these programs may foster inequitable outcomes is lacking. This paper uses a systematic review of federal flood policy literature over the last decade to fill this gap and identify patterns that may contribute to inequitable outcomes. Results suggest that despite over 100 flood-related disasters occurring over the past decade, the effectiveness of flood policies across social groups is relatively unstudied. And when studied, federal policies themselves do not explicitly lead to inequitable outcomes. Instead, we conclude that policies prioritize equality over equity and do not overcome systematic oppressive and racist decision-making. These findings further the understanding that social vulnerability to natural hazards is a complex and contextual issue.
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对国家防洪政策成果的批判性审查
随着经济的发展和气候的变化,人类面临的自然灾害日益严重。社会人口和社会经济因素限制了用于减灾和灾后恢复的资源,从而加剧了这种风险。在灾难性事件发生后,联邦灾难援助通过补充当地资源对社区至关重要。然而,最近的研究表明,联邦灾难援助可能会加剧社会群体之间现有的不平等。在美国,最普遍和最昂贵的灾难是洪水。联邦政府维持了多个支持洪水缓解和恢复的项目,但对这些项目如何可能导致不公平的结果缺乏全面的了解。本文对过去十年的联邦洪水政策文献进行了系统回顾,以填补这一空白,并确定可能导致不公平结果的模式。结果表明,尽管在过去十年中发生了100多起与洪水有关的灾害,但对洪水政策在社会群体中的有效性的研究相对较少。经过研究,联邦政策本身并没有明确导致不公平的结果。相反,我们得出的结论是,政策将平等置于公平之上,并没有克服系统性的压迫性和种族主义决策。这些发现进一步加深了对自然灾害的社会脆弱性是一个复杂的背景问题的理解。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
12.50%
发文量
11
期刊介绍: The Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management publishes original, innovative, and timely articles describing research or practice in the fields of homeland security and emergency management. JHSEM publishes not only peer-reviewed articles, but also news and communiqués from researchers and practitioners, and book/media reviews. Content comes from a broad array of authors representing many professions, including emergency management, engineering, political science and policy, decision science, and health and medicine, as well as from emergency management and homeland security practitioners.
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