Genetic polymorphism and American Indian health.

J. Long, J. Lorenz
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Solid archaeologic evidence shows that North and South America werecompletely occupied by about 10,000 years ago, and new findings suggest thatboth continents were inhabited much earlier. At European contact in the late15th century, American Indian populations were diverse in their cultural andecologic adaptations and in their languages. The conditions accompanying thepeopling of the New World and the subsequent cultural and linguisticdiversification also favored genetic diversification. To the extent that theAmerican Indian populations have remained intact, the patterns of moderngenetic polymorphisms provide clues about the roles of genetic, environmental,and sociocultural factors in disease causation and the mechanisms by whichthese diverse causes interact. Even with the distortions of the pre-Columbiangenetic pool associated with disease, warfare, and dislocation after Europeancontact, it is likely that studies of genetic polymorphisms will yieldimportant health benefits. The study of genetic markers is clearly not a new phenomenon—datahave been accumulating in various ways for decades—but the exquisiteprecision of current molecular analysis has introduced a new paradigm. ManyIndian people are concerned that such research has unknown consequences, someof which may be adverse. Indian people themselves should judge the ultimateusefulness of such studies.
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基因多态性与美洲印第安人健康。
确凿的考古证据表明,南北美洲在大约1万年前就完全有人居住了,而新的发现表明,这两个大陆都有人居住的时间要早得多。在15世纪后期与欧洲人的接触中,美洲印第安人在文化、生态适应和语言方面呈现多样化。伴随新世界的人类和随后的文化和语言多样化的环境也有利于基因多样化。在某种程度上,美洲印第安人仍然保持完整,现代遗传多态性的模式为遗传、环境和社会文化因素在疾病病因中的作用以及这些不同原因相互作用的机制提供了线索。尽管哥伦布发现新大陆前的基因库与疾病、战争和与欧洲人接触后的迁移有关,但对基因多态性的研究很可能会带来重要的健康益处。遗传标记的研究显然不是一种新现象——数据已经以各种方式积累了几十年——但当前分子分析的精密性引入了一种新的范式。许多印度人担心这样的研究有未知的后果,其中一些可能是不利的。印度人应该自己判断这些研究的最终用途。
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