Prevalence of diabetes in Odisha, India: A systematic review and meta analysis

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this review was to summarize and compare the estimates of diabetes among adults in community and hospital-based settings in Odisha, India. Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major non-communicable disease as well as a risk factor. In a vast and diverse country such as India, where health is a state subject, regional synthesized and up to date estimates of DM burden is necessary for informed policy making. No such estimates are currently available for the state of Odisha. Materials and Methods: Peer‑reviewed published original research articles related to prevalence DM in the state of Odisha published between 2011 and 2022 were retrieved from 4 medical databases and analysed. Study screening, selection, data extraction and critical appraisal was done by 2 independent review authors. Data synthesis and assessment of certainty of the evidence was done in meta-analysis of the results. Results: A total of 15 studies, that included 17339 participants, with overall good methodological quality were included in the review. The overall prevalence of DM among adults in the state of Odisha based on Community based surveys was 6.8% (95% CI: 2.3–13.4%). The prevalence in older adults aged 60 years or above is higher at 22.2% (95% CI: 8.6–39.9%). The prevalence in studies that relied on self-reported methods of screening was 4.8% (95% CI: 1.7–9.3%) as compared to those that diagnosed participants based on standard criteria (12.1%; 95% CI: 8.1–16.7%). Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of DM in the state of Odisha, which was higher than previously available national and regional estimates. This prevalence was much lower in community-based studies and in self-reported surveys pointing towards significant under diagnosis of hypertension in the state of Odisha and highlighting a need for a robust community-based screening program among adults in the state.