Lower gastrointestinal endoscopy: A clinicopathological analysis

Abstract

Background: Histopathological examination of endoscopic biopsy specimens support diagnosis, monitoring the course of the diseases and recognize complications. The aim of this study was to determine the type and frequency of histopathological change in colonic biopsies and its correlations with age and sex. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and fifty-eight colonic biopsies were collected from January 2016 to December 2017. The tissue was subjected to histopathological examination, the data collected and statistically analyzed. Results: Neoplastic colonic lesions form 52% and nonneoplastic form 48%. Cases of adenocarcinoma form 39.1%, nonspecific colitis form 29.1%, adenoma form 12.8%, ulcerative colitis was seen in 7.4% of cases, hyperplastic polyps form 6.2%, and Crohn's disease from 5.4%. Most of adenocarcinomas were moderately differentiated, the grade was higher in females (P = 0.032). Most of nonspecific colitis cases showed mild inflammation. Most of the adenomas were tubular type. More than 90% of neoplastic lesions were in patients above 40 years and 45.5% of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) cases were present in the age group of between 20 and 39 years (P = 0.001). Most of the cases of adenomas were seen in the age group between 40 and 80 years and (P = 0.018) Conclusion: Adenocarcinoma is the most frequent abnormality, mainly above 40 years of age. IBDs were seen below 40 years of age. In general, in all lesions, males were more affected than females except in cases of IBD and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma.