Enfermedades autoinmunes asociadas a la diabetes mellitus tipo 1 en el estudio DIACAM1

Abstract

Objective

To assess the characteristics of autoimmune diseases (AD) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Patients and methods

A cross-sectional, multicentre study on adult patients with T1DM seen in outpatient endocrinology clinics over a 12 month period. Sociodemographic and clinical variables and the presence of AD [autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD), chronic gastritis, coeliac disease (CD), vitiligo, primary adrenal insufficiency, and other AD in this cohort] were investigated.

Results

The study included a total of 1,465 patients (51.5% male) with a median age of 38.2 years (interquartile range 28,5-48,3) and a median diabetes duration of 17.3 years (11.1-25.6). Just under one-third (29.2%) had AD, with ATD being the most frequent (22% with normal thyroid function or hypothyroidism, and 3.4% with hyperthyroidism). ATD was most frequent in females [70.5% (P < .001)] and the prevalence increased with age [41.7 ± 14.5 vs 38.6 ± 13.1 years in patients with and without ATD respectively (P < .001)]. ATD with normal thyroid function or hypothyroidism increased also with longer duration of T1DM [17.1% with < 10 years, 21% with 10-20 years, 24.6% with 20-30 years and 26.3 with > 30 years (P < .05)]. Other AD were chronic gastritis (3.6%), vitiligo (1.6%), CD (1.1%), primary adrenal insufficiency (0.3%) and others (3.4%).

Conclusions

ATD was the most prevalent AD. CD and chronic gastritis were probably underdiagnosed in our study as there is no consensus for screening. Screening for AD may be necessary in patients with T1DM.