Turgor Changes in Morchella esculenta during Translocation and Sclerotial Formation

Rachel Amir, Ernst Steudle, Dan Levanon, Yitzhak Hadar, Ilan Chet
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引用次数: 28

Abstract

Amir, R., Steudle, E., Levanon, D., Hadar, Y., and Chet, I. 1995. Turgor changes in Morchella esculenta during translocation and sclerotial formation. Experimental Mycology 19, 129-136. Turgor pressure was measured during six stages of growth and pseudosclerotial formation in Morchella esculenta indirectly (by thermocouple psychrometer) and directly (by cell pressure probe). The fungus was grown on a split plate, enabling separation between mycelium growing on defined medium (water potential -0.5 MPa) and sclerotia which formed on glucose noble agar (water potential -2.1 MPa). Under these conditions, nutrients were translocated from the mycelium to the developing sclerotia. Direct turgor potential measurements showed that the gradient between the mycelium and the sclerotia increases during sclerotial development (reaching a maximum of 0.53 MPa), thereby suggesting that translocation is a turgor-driven mass flow. During sclerotial development, the turgor potential in the peripheral tips of the sclerotial hyphae must be high enough to bring about the growth of the numerous hyphae, which comprise the sclerotium, and simultaneously low enough in the primary hyphae, which carry the stream of nutrients, to attract translocation from the mycelium. Since sclerotial hyphae are too small for direct measurement by cell pressure probe, a psychrometer was used, revealing high turgor in the sclerotial tissue (1.2 MPa) during selerotial development. Direct measurement in the primary hyphae at this time gave a value of 0.7 MPa. Taken together, these measurements indicate the presence of a turgor gradient inside the sclerotial tissue, from the primary hyphae to the peripheral cells. The present study is the first to make use of a cell pressure probe to measure turgor gradients in a fungus during translocation followed by sclerotial morphogenesis.

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肠内羊肚菌在易位和硬化形成过程中的膨胀变化
Amir, R., Steudle, E., Levanon, D., Hadar, Y.和Chet, I. 1995。肠内羊肚菌在易位和硬化形成过程中的胀气变化。实验真菌学,19,129-136。在羊肚菌生长和假硬化形成的6个阶段,间接(热电偶干湿计)和直接(细胞压力探针)测量了羊肚菌的膨压。在裂板上培养菌丝体,使菌丝体在指定培养基(水势-0.5 MPa)上生长,菌核在葡萄糖琼脂(水势-2.1 MPa)上形成。在这些条件下,营养物质从菌丝体转移到发育中的菌核。直接膨胀电位测量结果表明,菌丝与菌核之间的梯度在菌核发育过程中逐渐增大(最大可达0.53 MPa),表明易位是由膨胀驱动的质量流。在菌丝体发育过程中,菌丝体外围尖端的膨胀势必须足够高,以使组成菌丝体的众多菌丝体生长,同时在携带营养物质流的初级菌丝体中,膨胀势必须足够低,以吸引菌丝体的易位。由于菌丝体太小,无法用细胞压力探针直接测量,因此使用了干湿计,显示菌丝体发育过程中菌丝体组织的高膨胀(1.2 MPa)。此时在初级菌丝中直接测量的值为0.7 MPa。综上所述,这些测量结果表明,从初代菌丝到外周细胞,在硬化组织内存在一个肿胀梯度。目前的研究是第一个利用细胞压力探针来测量真菌在易位过程中的肿胀梯度,随后是硬化形态发生。
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