Variety and management of developmental conflicts: the case of the Olkaria IV geothermal energy project in Kenya

IF 1.1 Q3 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Conflict Security & Development Pub Date : 2021-11-02 DOI:10.1080/14678802.2021.2000806
L. N. Kong'ani, R. Wahome, T. Thenya
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

ABSTRACT The development of geothermal energy installations generates varied conflicts in Kenya that often escalate because of improper management. Yet, these developmental project conflict dynamics remain poorly understood. To better understand the dynamics of these conflicts, quantitative and qualitative data were collected from the Olkaria IV project-affected persons (PAPs) household heads using questionnaires, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. The qualitative data was arranged into socioeconomic, cultural, environmental and political themes and the proportion of respondents within each theme was calculated. The triggers for the conflicts included inadequate communication and participation in decision-making, unsatisfactory relocation logistics, and unfulfilled compensation promises. Also, the formulation and implementation of the resettlement action plan was inadequately negotiated with the PAPs. The effects of the conflicts on the PAPs’ livelihoods were severe. The conflicts were managed mainly through competition and avoidance strategies. Subsequent dissatisfaction on the part of the PAPs led to unrest that almost derailed the project. Planners need to be inclusive of the local community in the design of large development projects. Inclusiveness in planning would secure community buy-in, remove unrealistic pledges or expectations, and smoothen project implementation.
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发展冲突的多样性和管理:肯尼亚奥尔卡里亚四号地热能项目的案例
在肯尼亚,地热能源设施的开发引发了各种各样的冲突,这些冲突往往因管理不当而升级。然而,这些发展项目的冲突动态仍然知之甚少。为了更好地了解这些冲突的动态,通过问卷调查、焦点小组讨论和关键线人访谈,从Olkaria IV项目受影响的户主那里收集了定量和定性数据。定性数据被分成社会经济、文化、环境和政治主题,并计算每个主题的受访者比例。冲突的诱因包括沟通和参与决策不足、搬迁后勤不理想、补偿承诺未兑现等。此外,在拟订和执行重新安置行动计划的问题上,也没有同pap进行充分的谈判。冲突对巴布亚人的生计造成严重影响。主要通过竞争和回避策略来管理冲突。随后,pap的不满导致了骚乱,几乎使该项目脱轨。在设计大型开发项目时,规划者需要考虑当地社区的意见。规划的包容性将确保社区的支持,消除不切实际的承诺或期望,并使项目实施更加顺利。
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来源期刊
Conflict Security & Development
Conflict Security & Development INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS-
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
7.70%
发文量
22
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