LAW AND DEVELOPMENT MOVEMENT IN LIGHT OF CONTRADICTIONS OF LEGAL RECEPTION

V. Slyshchenkov
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Abstract

The western Law and Development movement engaged in legal assistance to the socioeconomic development of the third world states as well as the postsocialist countries by the Western patterns includes two different stages, the first one continues about a decade and a half from the beginning of the 1960s, the second lasts approximately twenty years starting the beginning of the 1990s. The article provides a detailed consideration of the history and the achieved results, the content of the activities as well as the theoretical sources of the movement in the jurisprudence, the sociology and the economics. The Law and Development movement encourages and assists in the legal reception from the Western legal orders. Taking into account the distinction between the political and the doctrinal legal reception, the movement acts within framework of the former because it uses the legal regulations as an instrument for achievement of extra-legal purposes. Informed by this approach, the legislation serves the present-day policy whereas the law, which is a special social regulator establishing freedom in a social life, does not find a proper expression in the legislation, a statute compliant with the law is not the legislator’s reference point. Hence the political legal reception does not contribute to a successful legal development, establishment of legal values and the rule of law. This predetermines a failure of the Law and Development movement as a whole. The true outcome of the movement is an impulse of some kind to the further independent legal development in the interested recipient countries.
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从法律接受的矛盾看法律与发展运动
西方法律与发展运动以西方模式为第三世界国家和后社会主义国家的社会经济发展提供法律援助,包括两个不同的阶段,第一个阶段从20世纪60年代初开始持续了大约15年,第二个阶段从20世纪90年代初开始持续了大约20年。本文从法理学、社会学和经济学的角度详细论述了这一运动的历史、成果、活动内容以及理论来源。法律与发展运动鼓励和协助接受西方法律秩序的法律。考虑到政治法律接受与理论法律接受的区别,该运动是在前者的框架内进行的,因为它将法律规定作为实现法外目的的工具。在这种思路的指导下,立法为现行政策服务,而法律作为一种特殊的社会调节者,在社会生活中确立了自由,却没有在立法中找到恰当的表达,符合法律的成文法不是立法者的参照点。因此,政治的法律接受不利于法律的成功发展,不利于法律价值的确立和法治的实现。这预先决定了法律与发展运动作为一个整体的失败。这一运动的真正结果是对感兴趣的受援国进一步独立法律发展的某种推动。
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期刊介绍: The Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review (CR-CL) is the nation’s leading progressive law journal. Founded in 1966 as an instrument to advance personal freedoms and human dignities, CR-CL seeks to catalyze progressive thought and dialogue through publishing innovative legal scholarship and from various perspectives and in diverse fields of study.
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