Dispersal and population connectivity are phenotype dependent in a marine metapopulation

E. Fobert, E. Treml, S. Swearer
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引用次数: 20

Abstract

Larval dispersal is a key process determining population connectivity, metapopulation dynamics, and community structure in benthic marine ecosystems, yet the biophysical complexity of dispersal is not well understood. In this study, we investigate the interaction between disperser phenotype and hydrodynamics on larval dispersal pathways, using a temperate reef fish species, Trachinops caudimaculatus. We assessed the influence of larval traits on depth distribution and dispersal outcomes by: (i) using 24-h depth-stratified ichthyoplankton sampling, (ii) quantifying individual phenotypes using larval growth histories extracted from the sagittal otoliths of individual larvae, and (iii) simulating potential dispersal outcomes based on the empirical distribution of larval phenotypes and an advanced biological-physical ocean model. We found T. caudimaculatus larvae were vertically stratified with respect to phenotype, with high-quality phenotypes found in the bottom two depth strata, and poor-quality phenotypes found primarily at the surface. Our model showed high- and average-quality larvae experienced significantly higher local retention (more than double) and self-recruitment, and travelled shorter distances relative to poor-quality larvae. As populations are only connected when dispersers survive long enough to reproduce, determining how larval phenotype influences dispersal outcomes will be important for improving our understanding of marine population connectivity and persistence.
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在海洋元种群中,分散和种群连通性是表型依赖的
在底栖海洋生态系统中,幼虫扩散是决定种群连通性、超种群动态和群落结构的关键过程,但其生物物理复杂性尚未得到很好的理解。在本研究中,我们以温带珊瑚鱼Trachinops caudimaculatus为研究对象,研究了扩散器表型和流体动力学对幼虫扩散途径的相互作用。我们通过以下方法评估了幼虫性状对深度分布和扩散结果的影响:(i)使用24小时深度分层浮游鱼取样,(ii)使用从个体幼虫的sagittal耳石中提取的幼虫生长历史来量化个体表型,以及(iii)基于幼虫表型的经验分布和先进的生物-物理海洋模型模拟潜在的扩散结果。结果表明,尾斑弓形虫幼虫在表型上呈垂直分层,高质量表型出现在底部两层深层,低质量表型主要出现在表层。我们的模型显示,相对于质量差的幼虫,高质量和平均质量的幼虫有更高的局部滞留(超过两倍)和自我招募,并且旅行的距离更短。由于种群只有在传播者存活足够长的时间进行繁殖时才会相互联系,因此确定幼虫表型如何影响传播结果对于提高我们对海洋种群连通性和持久性的理解非常重要。
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