Measurements, sources and sinks of photoformed reactive oxygen species in Japanese rivers

Abstract

Copyright © 2021 by The Geochemical Society of Japan. and are involved in biological and chemical processes that occur in natural water. They facilitate the photochemical degradation of natural organic matter and organic pollutants, biological reactions, and redox reactions (Takeda et al., 2004). In natural environmental systems, ROS are often generated by photolysis, energy transfer, or electron transfer reactions (Zafiriou et al., 1984; Lu et al., 2006) as shown in Eqs. (1)–(10) and are generally present in picomolar (10−12 M) to micromolar (10−6 M) concentrations.