Recent Developments in High-Performance Refrigeration for the First Compact Cryogenic Freeze-Dryer

Abstract

Lyophilization, a process of drying of frozen materials with sublimation of solvents from frozen products, is one of the key processes in pharmaceutical industry for preparation of dry inert products. Traditionally, refrigeration for operations of freezing, primary and secondary drying of the moist products and for condensing of solvents has been supported by mechanical refrigeration. Development of efficient, reliable cryogenic refrigeration with accurate temperature control and effective heat transfer processes have created premises for design of the first in the world cryogenic pump-free compact unit “Advantage LN2”.