Effects of 5A Model-based Intervention on Self-care and Quality of Life in Elderly People With Hypertension

Abstract

Objectives: Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases in old age. The self-care and quality of life of older people can improved by appropriate interventions. This study aims to assess the effects of an intervention based on 5A model on self-care and quality of life in the elderly with hypertension. Methods & Materials: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 80 older people with hypertension. They were randomly assigned into two groups of intervention and control. The intervention group received the 5A model-based treatment for two months, while the control group received only the routine care from community health centers. Before and after the intervention, data were collected using a demographic form, behavior subscale of the Hypertension Self-Care Profile questionnaire, and the Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization and Pleasure (CASP-19) questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using independent t-test, paired t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test in SPSS v. 20 software. Results: The Mean±SD self-care scores of the intervention group significantly increased (P<0.001) after the intervention (50.95±4.77) compared to pre-intervention score (46.67±5.83) and compared to the control group (40.92±4.86). The Mean±SD quality of life scores of the intervention group also significantly increased (P<0.001) after the intervention (39.02±6.76) compared to pre-intervention score (33.65±8.03) and compared to the control group (24.97±7.19). Conclusion: The intervention based on 5A model can improve self-care and quality of life of the elderly. This intervention, as a fast, accessible and easy method can be used in the health system to improve the health of the elderly.