Population-based assessment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospital treatment outcomes

Abstract

Objective. To assess the factors influencing mean length of hospitalisation (LOH) and treatment outcomes in patients with coro-navirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) between January 31, 2020 and June 10, 2021. Material and methods. We analyzed the results of specialized medical care in patients with COVID-19. Medical, gender and anam-nestic factors influencing treatment outcomes were chosen for analysis. The follow-up unit was a record with data about a patient with COVID-19. We harvested data from the Federal Register of Persons with COVID-19 developed in accordance with the De-cree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated March 31, 2020 No. 373 “On Approval of Interim Rules for Recording Information in order to Prevent the Spread of a New Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19)». Results. A retrospective cohort study of data from the Federal Register of patients with COVID-19 involving more than 3 million patients (40.7% men and 59.3% women) revealed the highest incidence of disease in men aged 60-64, 55-59 and 35-39 years, as well as in women aged 60-64, 55-59 and 50-54 years. There was no significant correlation between age and LOH (linear correlation coefficient (r-Pearson) for men 0.021 (p<0.05), for women 0.0124 (p<0.05)). Weighted mean LOH in all age groups was 14.7 days for men (standard deviation (SD) 5.6 days) and 15.7 days for women (SD 5.2 days). Thirty-seven comorbidities/ complications of the underlying disease worsened prognosis regarding LOH in patients with severe and extremely severe COV-ID-19 compared to course of disease without comorbidities or complications. Analysis of impact of COVID-19 severity on mortality revealed strong direct relationship between these signs (r-Pearson for men 0.830 (p<0.0001), for women 0.799 (p<0.0001). Patients with moderate COVID-19 died 89.4 times more often compared to those with mild infection. Severe patients died 20.5 times more often compared to patients with moderate severity of disease. Risk of mortality from COVID-19 is 11.3% higher in patients with extremely severe infection than in patients with severe disease. Conclusion. Our data on mean LOH differentiated by sex and age, as well as comparison of this indicator with comorbidities and severity of COVID-19, can be used for modeling of hospital workload for a stochastic flow of patients whose parameters are com-parable with data of patients analyzed in this study. © 2022, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved.