Bitcoin, a lejárat nélküli követelés? (Bitcoin: Receivable Without Due Date?)

Gabriella Erdős
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Abstract

Hungarian abstract: : A kriptovalutak nepszerűsege vilagszerte novekszik. Hasznaljak őket fizetesre, befektetesre, kincskepzesre, annak ellenere, hogy nem minősulnek fizetőeszkoznek, ertekpapirnak, vagy vagyontargynak, bar ketsegkivul minden kategorianak a tulajdonsagaibol rendelkeznek nehannyal. Egy magyar allasfoglalas szerint a krioptovalutakat egyeb kovetelesnek kell tekinteni, mig a nemzetkozi szamviteli sztenderdek ajanlasa szerint a kriptovalutakat vagy az immaterialis javak, vagy a keszletek kozott kell bemutatni. A cikk elemzi a kriptovalutak tulajdonsagait, es bemutatja, hogy milyen tarsasagi adozasi kovetkezmenyei vannak annak, ha a vallalkozas a magyar allasfoglalas ajanlasat koveti, es hogyan vezet a helytelen besorolas fals adozasi eredmenyekhez. A szerző az allasfoglalas visszavonasat, es uj szamviteli szabalyok es ertelmezes megalkotasat javasolja – akar egy uj eszkozkategoria megalkotasaval a kriptovalutak szamara. English abstract: Cryptocurrencies are gaining in popularity worldwide. They are used as if they were currencies, securities, debt or equity instruments, or property. They are neither of those things although they certainly show characteristics of each categories. A Hungarian non-binding ruling classifies them as claims or accounts receivable, while the international accounting standards recommend to present cryptocurrencies either as intangible assets or as inventories. The article analyses the characteristics of cryptocurrencies, and the corporate income tax consequences of following the recommendations of the Hungarian non-binding ruling. It shows why the wrong classification of cryptocurrencies leads to false tax results. The author recommends the withdrawal of the tax ruling and the establishment of new accounting rules and interpretations - possibly also the introduction of a new accounting category for cryptocurrencies.
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