Ganoderma spp. Basidioma Variation from Infected Oil Palm on Smallholder Peatland Plantation in Kampar Regency, Riau, Indonesia

Abstract

A total of 15 types of Ganoderma diversity in the world have been identified. In Indonesia, information related to the variety of Ganoderma has not been widely reported. Ganoderma is the main cause of stem rot disease of oil palm plants, which has been reported to attack at various stages of plant growth. Information regarding the genetic diversity of Ganoderma needs to be known, considering that each pathogen has specificity in causing disease. This information is necessary to determine how the mechanism of infection, spread, and the response of plants to the presence of each type of Ganoderma in the physiological processes of oil palm plants. This research was conducted using survey methods in smallholder oil palm plantations in Kampar Regency and the Plant Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University. The basidioma of Ganoderma spp. taken from the trunk of the infected oil palm tree. Basidioma of Ganoderma spp. then characterized based on its color. The data from these observations were then analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of tables and pictures. Field observations indicate that the presence of Ganoderma basidioma at the oil palm trunk is closely related to visual plant symptoms. Based on symptom observation results showed 62.07% severe symptoms, 10.34% dead plants, 20% had moderate symptoms and only 6.90% had mild symptoms. The plant condition in Deli Makmur Village shows severe symptoms with a severity index reaching 75%. There were 6 groups of Ganoderma based on the characteristic color variations of the basidioma found in the sample locations. The Gano-1 group is the group with the highest incidence found in the field. This study also found 48% of infections of more than one Ganoderma group in one oil palm plant. Further testing is needed to determine the diversity of this Ganoderma species based on its genetic characteristics.