Capitalization of Local Government Grants on Land Values: Evidence from Tokyo Metropolitan Area, Japan

Abstract

This study investigates the capitalization effect of intergovernmental fiscal transfers from central to local government into house prices. The extent to which unconditional fiscal transfers to municipalities in the Tokyo metropolitan area are attributed to land prices will be examined using the event of a drop in the size amount of fiscal transfers following the fiscal reform in the early 2000s. The result shows that the drop in the transfer has decreased the land prices in the municipalities. Furthermore, a reduction of one unit in the per capita grant decreased the value of housing area per capita by one or more units, even if the real discount rate was estimated to be as low as 2%. We can conclude that the fiscal transfer reform focused on in this paper had a more negative impact on the benefits of residing in a municipality in the area than the amount of the reduction.