Influence of Thermal Gradients in Design Verification of Uninsulated HPHT Bolted Connections

T. Luce, J. Stevens, P. D. Pathak
{"title":"Influence of Thermal Gradients in Design Verification of Uninsulated HPHT Bolted Connections","authors":"T. Luce, J. Stevens, P. D. Pathak","doi":"10.4043/29308-MS","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"\n Temperature effects on closure bolting play an important role when assessing high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) subsea equipment. This paper discusses the evaluation of uninsulated bolted connections, which are internally exposed to high pressure and temperature and externally exposed to cold seawater, via finite element analysis (FEA). These thermal gradients cause nonuniform thermal expansions, contractions, or both. The paper then compares this to identical insulated connections, which have a uniform temperature distribution across the bolted connection.\n Two pressure-containing bodies featuring nonstandard API four-bolt connections of different sizes were analyzed using FEA at 20,000-psi bore pressure. The larger body featured an API BX-169 gasket housing a 5-1/8-in internal bore at 300 degF, and the smaller body featured an API BX-151 gasket housing a ½-in internal bore at 150 degF. Both bodies were analyzed at high and low seawater convection rates with a temperature heat sink of 35 degF. This was then compared to identical insulated connections assuming a uniform temperature distribution. All verification was performed per API Technical Report 17TR8 utilizing American Society of Mechanical Enginers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC), Section VIII, Div. 3 elastic-plastic analysis methods focused only on the serviceability check.\n The results of this design verification showed an increase in bolt tensile stress in the un-insulated cases when compared with the same internal pressure for insulated cases. This stress increase exceeded the allowable tensile stress as specified by API Spec 17D even at an internal temperature of 150 degF, which is below the design threshold where thermal effects must be accounted for as required by API Spec 6A. This required either a reduction in the installation preload, an increase in bolt size, a reduction in the design load-carrying capacity, or a combination thereof. For this study, a reduction in the installation preload to reduce the tensile stress below the API Spec 17D allowable limit was selected as the corrective measure due to preexisting bolt size constraints and operational requirements. Gasket contact pressure was reevaluated at the reduced preload and was found to be sufficient to maintain proper joint sealability. FEA provides a more comprehensive understanding of thermal gradient effects on subsea bolted connections and identifies loading effects not normally observed using standard analysis methods. It is also a recommendation to evaluate both insulated and un-insulated cases to ensure that the bolted connection will perform its intended function.\n This study showed bolt stress differences between thermally insulated and un-insulated connections that can result in bolt stresses beyond acceptance criteria for one while the other is satisfied. This highlights the importance of evaluating bolted connections to ensure acceptability for all operational cases. This study also shows the benefits of using advanced analysis techniques to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the behavior of insulated and un-insulated subsea bolted connections.","PeriodicalId":10968,"journal":{"name":"Day 3 Wed, May 08, 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Day 3 Wed, May 08, 2019","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4043/29308-MS","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Temperature effects on closure bolting play an important role when assessing high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) subsea equipment. This paper discusses the evaluation of uninsulated bolted connections, which are internally exposed to high pressure and temperature and externally exposed to cold seawater, via finite element analysis (FEA). These thermal gradients cause nonuniform thermal expansions, contractions, or both. The paper then compares this to identical insulated connections, which have a uniform temperature distribution across the bolted connection. Two pressure-containing bodies featuring nonstandard API four-bolt connections of different sizes were analyzed using FEA at 20,000-psi bore pressure. The larger body featured an API BX-169 gasket housing a 5-1/8-in internal bore at 300 degF, and the smaller body featured an API BX-151 gasket housing a ½-in internal bore at 150 degF. Both bodies were analyzed at high and low seawater convection rates with a temperature heat sink of 35 degF. This was then compared to identical insulated connections assuming a uniform temperature distribution. All verification was performed per API Technical Report 17TR8 utilizing American Society of Mechanical Enginers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC), Section VIII, Div. 3 elastic-plastic analysis methods focused only on the serviceability check. The results of this design verification showed an increase in bolt tensile stress in the un-insulated cases when compared with the same internal pressure for insulated cases. This stress increase exceeded the allowable tensile stress as specified by API Spec 17D even at an internal temperature of 150 degF, which is below the design threshold where thermal effects must be accounted for as required by API Spec 6A. This required either a reduction in the installation preload, an increase in bolt size, a reduction in the design load-carrying capacity, or a combination thereof. For this study, a reduction in the installation preload to reduce the tensile stress below the API Spec 17D allowable limit was selected as the corrective measure due to preexisting bolt size constraints and operational requirements. Gasket contact pressure was reevaluated at the reduced preload and was found to be sufficient to maintain proper joint sealability. FEA provides a more comprehensive understanding of thermal gradient effects on subsea bolted connections and identifies loading effects not normally observed using standard analysis methods. It is also a recommendation to evaluate both insulated and un-insulated cases to ensure that the bolted connection will perform its intended function. This study showed bolt stress differences between thermally insulated and un-insulated connections that can result in bolt stresses beyond acceptance criteria for one while the other is satisfied. This highlights the importance of evaluating bolted connections to ensure acceptability for all operational cases. This study also shows the benefits of using advanced analysis techniques to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the behavior of insulated and un-insulated subsea bolted connections.
查看原文
分享 分享
微信好友 朋友圈 QQ好友 复制链接
本刊更多论文
热梯度对非绝缘HPHT螺栓连接设计验证的影响
在评估高压高温(HPHT)水下设备时,温度对封闭螺栓的影响非常重要。本文讨论了内暴露于高压高温、外暴露于冷海水中的非绝缘螺栓连接的有限元评价方法。这些热梯度引起不均匀的热膨胀、收缩或两者兼而有之。然后,论文将其与相同的绝缘连接进行比较,后者在螺栓连接中具有均匀的温度分布。采用有限元分析方法,对两种不同尺寸的非标准API四螺栓连接的承压体进行了分析。较大的阀体采用API BX-169垫圈,在300°f时内孔为5-1/8英寸,较小的阀体采用API BX-151垫圈,在150°f时内孔为1/ 2英寸。在高对流率和低对流率下,对这两个物体进行了分析,温度散热器为35°f。然后将其与假设温度分布均匀的相同绝缘连接进行比较。所有验证都是根据API技术报告17TR8进行的,使用的是美国机械工程师协会(ASME)锅炉和压力容器规范(BPVC)第VIII节第3节的弹塑性分析方法,只关注适用性检查。该设计验证的结果表明,与相同内压的绝缘情况相比,未绝缘情况下螺栓拉应力增加。即使在150°f的内部温度下,这种应力增加也超过了API Spec 17D规定的允许拉伸应力,这低于API Spec 6A所要求的热效应的设计阈值。这需要减少安装预紧力,增加螺栓尺寸,减少设计承载能力,或两者兼而有之。在本研究中,由于先前存在的螺栓尺寸限制和操作要求,选择减少安装预紧力以将拉伸应力降低到API Spec 17D允许极限以下作为纠正措施。在减少预压时重新评估垫圈接触压力,发现足以保持适当的接头密封性。FEA提供了对海底螺栓连接的热梯度效应的更全面的理解,并识别了通常使用标准分析方法无法观察到的载荷效应。此外,建议对绝缘和非绝缘情况进行评估,以确保螺栓连接能够发挥其预期功能。该研究表明,绝热连接和非绝热连接之间的螺栓应力差异可能导致一个螺栓应力超出可接受标准,而另一个则满足要求。这突出了评估螺栓连接的重要性,以确保所有操作情况的可接受性。该研究还表明,使用先进的分析技术可以更全面地了解绝缘和非绝缘海底螺栓连接的性能。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 去求助
来源期刊
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
期刊最新文献
Offshore Liquefied Natural Gas LNG and Monetization A Case Study of an Independent Third Party Review of Subsea HPHT Technologies Designed and Qualified by a Joint Development Agreement Optimized SMR Process with Advanced Vessel Economizer Experimental and Numerical Studies on the Drift Velocity of Two-Phase Gas and High-Viscosity-Liquid Slug Flow in Pipelines Applied Optimal Reservoir Management: A Field Case Experience in Campos Basin
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
已复制链接
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
×
扫码分享
扫码分享
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1