IMPACT OF AIR POLLUTION WITH PARTICULATE PARTICLES ON THE RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Abstract

The review of the literature analyzes the current understanding of the relationship between the impact of air pollutants and the development of general and cardiovascular mortality. Data from studies highlighting the effects of particulate matter on the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, arterial hypertension, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, sudden death, pulmonary embolism, and atherosclerosis are summarized. Based on a review of studies published in PubMed, Scopus Cochrane, and Google Scholar, the article outlines the putative pathophysiological mechanisms of particulate matter exposure to the cardiovascular system, primarily represented by oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, lipid metabolism disorders, autonomic dysfunction, and impaired hemostatic system. Attention is drawn to the exposure of particulate matter to the cardiovascular system, and is presented as a short-term and long-term effect. The consequences of short-term exposure are the development of myocardial infarction, an increase in the frequency of hospitalization for CHF, atrial fibrillation, an increase in mortality from stroke and the risk of sudden death, the development of pulmonary embolism. Arterial hypertension, aggravation of coronary heart disease, chronic heart failure, development of atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia, and increased risk of mortality from coronary heart disease can be considered the consequences of long-term exposure to particulate matter. Raising awareness of the impact of air pollutants on the cardiovascular system (CVS) is recognized as the leading goal aimed at reducing mortality from cardiovascular disease