ACCOUNTING FOR THE HARMFUL EFFECT OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF FUEL CONSUMPTION AND EXHAUST GASES TOXICITY DIESEL ENGINES

I. Parsadanov, I. Rykova
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Abstract

Over the past decades, research into combustion processes in internal combustion engines, additional processing of exhaust gases has led to a reduction in harmful emissions (nitrogen oxide NOx, unburned hydrocarbons СnНm, carbon monoxide CO and particulate matter). However, personal concern among scientists and the international community is caused by the increase in CO2 carbon dioxide emissions into the environment during the operation of power plants, which contributes to the increase of the "greenhouse effect". In order to determine effective technical solutions for improving diesel engines with the aim of reducing fuel consumption and emissions of harmful substances with exhaust gases, the Department of Internal Combustion Engines of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" proposed a dimensionless complex criterion of fuel economy and exhaust gas toxicity, which provides information on the economic and environmental perfection of diesel engines. However, this criterion does not take into account the environmental impact of CO2 emissions. The work considers the conditions for taking into account the harmful effects of CO2 using the method of comprehensive assessment of fuel consumption and exhaust gas toxicity. The mass emission of CO2 for each mode of diesel operation is determined if the elemental composition of the fuel, its molecular weight, heat of combustion and consumption, composition and consumption of air, as well as environmental parameters are known. In order to provide an objective assessment of the effect of CO2 emitted from HG diesels on humans and the environment, it is necessary to introduce appropriate corrections that characterize its relative aggressiveness indicator. First of all, this is a correction that takes into account the effect of CO2 on various recipients, in addition to humans, and a correction that takes into account the possibility of accumulation of the substance in the components of the environment and in food chains, as well as its entry into the human body by non-inhalation. An objective scientific approach is necessary for the justification and implementation of the introduction of such amendments, which takes into account all the components of determining the negative impact of CO2 on humans and the environment: the greenhouse effect, climate change both in terms of direct impact and in the long-term perspective.
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在柴油机油耗和废气毒性综合评价中考虑二氧化碳的有害作用
在过去的几十年里,对内燃机燃烧过程的研究,废气的额外处理导致有害排放物(氮氧化物NOx,未燃烧的碳氢化合物СnНm,一氧化碳CO和颗粒物质)的减少。然而,引起科学家和国际社会个人关注的是,发电厂在运行过程中向环境中排放的二氧化碳增加,这导致了“温室效应”的增加。为了确定改进柴油机的有效技术方案,以减少燃油消耗和废气中有害物质的排放,哈尔科夫理工学院国立技术大学内燃机系提出了一种无量纲复杂的燃油经济性和废气毒性标准,该标准提供了柴油发动机在经济和环境方面的完善信息。然而,这一标准并没有考虑到二氧化碳排放对环境的影响。该工作考虑了使用燃料消耗和废气毒性综合评估方法考虑二氧化碳有害影响的条件。如果已知燃料的元素组成、分子量、燃烧热和消耗、空气的组成和消耗以及环境参数,则确定每种柴油运行模式的二氧化碳的质量排放。为了提供一个客观的评估二氧化碳排放对人类和环境的影响,有必要引入适当的校正表征其相对侵略性指标。首先,这一修正考虑了二氧化碳对除人类之外的各种接受者的影响,并考虑了该物质在环境成分和食物链中积累的可能性,以及其通过非吸入进入人体的可能性。必须采用客观的科学方法来论证和实施这类修正,它考虑到确定二氧化碳对人类和环境的负面影响的所有组成部分:温室效应、气候变化的直接影响和长期影响。
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