Therapeutic interventions of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Abstract

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a non-demyelinating neurodegenerative disease mostly found in adults between 40 to 60 years old. This disease is usually prevalent in males, however it’s irrespective to the different genders. ALS is progressive and within 2-5 years of diagnosis ulimately ends with death. The majority of ALS cases is sporadic (90%) and is recorded without any defined aetiology. The other 10-12% of cases is recognized from mutations in more than 20 genes. The genes reported to cause ALS are Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD1), TAR DNA Binding Protein (TDP), Fused in Sarcoma, (FUS), Chromosome 9 Open Reading Frame 72 (c9orf72) and Vesicle-Associated Membrane-ProteinAssociated Protein B (VAPB). Furthermore, abnormal lipid metabolism with higher LDL/HDL ratio was reported in ALS patients. The aetiology of ALS is shown in the schematic diagram below (Figure 1) Due to the multi-nature of ALS causative factors and symptoms, there is no specific therapy for ALS today. However, this paper will touch on potential therapies that are in practice or may come up in the future. The goal is to maintain and improve the function of motor neuron, the well-being and quality of life for ALS patients. Until then, we have to rely on the symptomatic treatment and rehabilitative measures to support the patient’s quality of life.