GRASS GIS for topographic and geophysical mapping of the Peru-Chile Trench

Q4 Social Sciences Forum Geografic Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI:10.5775/FG.2020.009.D
Polina Lemenkova
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引用次数: 10

Abstract

The study area is located along the western continental margins of South America, Peru-Chile Trench south-east Pacific Ocean, geographically encompasses 90° to 60°W longitude and 55°S to 0° latitude. The study aims to perform a spatial analysis using GRASS GIS approach applied for processing and visualizing topographic and geophysical data on the study area. Data include following raster grids: topographic SRTM_15PLUS raster grid with 15 arc-second resolution, geoid model (EGM96), geophysical fields and gravity maps (marine free-air gravity and vertically corrected free-air gravity). The thematic grids were mapped by GRASS GIS modules and visualized for comparative analysis. Spatial analysis included plotting slope aspect, profile curvature, terrain elevation and modeled topographic classes based on the neighborhood analysis. The results include visualized geophysical and topographic maps of the study area showing correlation between the geophysical fields and topographic elevation. The variety of forms of the submarine relief of the Pacific Ocean seafloor was formed as a result of complex factors: tectonic movements, dislocations, active volcanism, geologic variations in rock density, which is reflected in visualized gravity and geoid maps. The actuality of the study is explained by high potential commercial interests in deep-water mineral resource deposits, oil and gas, which make ocean seafloor studies one of the most promising topics in geoscience. At the same time, the need for programming applications for big data analysis in geosciences requires testing advanced scripting approaches in cartography. Therefore, the current paper presents a multi-disciplinary approach combining geological analysis with technical cartographic aspects of data analysis and visualization.
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用于秘鲁-智利海沟地形和地球物理制图的GRASS GIS
研究区位于南美洲西部大陆边缘,秘鲁-智利海沟东南太平洋,地理上包括西经90°~ 60°,南纬55°~ 0°。该研究旨在利用GRASS GIS方法对研究区域的地形和地球物理数据进行处理和可视化,并进行空间分析。数据包括:15弧秒分辨率的地形SRTM_15PLUS栅格,大地水准面模型(EGM96),地球物理场和重力图(海洋自由空气重力和垂直校正的自由空气重力)。通过GRASS GIS模块绘制主题网格,并进行可视化比较分析。空间分析包括绘制坡向、剖面曲率、地形高程和基于邻域分析的模拟地形类型。结果包括研究区的可视化地球物理和地形图,显示了地球物理场与地形高程之间的相关性。太平洋海底起伏形态的多样性是构造运动、位错、活火山活动、岩石密度地质变化等复杂因素共同作用的结果,这些因素在重力和大地水准面图中得到了反映。深海矿产资源、石油和天然气的巨大潜在商业利益解释了研究的现状,这使得海洋海底研究成为地球科学中最有前途的课题之一。与此同时,为了满足地球科学大数据分析的编程应用需求,需要在制图学中测试先进的脚本方法。因此,本文提出了一种多学科的方法,将地质分析与数据分析和可视化的技术制图方面结合起来。
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来源期刊
Forum Geografic
Forum Geografic Earth and Planetary Sciences-Earth-Surface Processes
CiteScore
0.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
9
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: Founded in 2002, Forum geografic. Studii de geografie şi protecţia mediului aims to publish high quality research in the domains of geography, environment protection and other related domains. It addresses a range of issues, such as geomorphology, pedology, climatology, hydrology, human geography and environment. Its content is directed to a broad audience, including both academics and policymakers. The papers selected for publication in the journal are subject to a review process using references from universities worldwide.
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