THE CONDITIONS FOR TRANSITING TO THE STAGE OF PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT IN 14–15-YEAR OLD WRESTLERS

Abstract

Aim. The purpose of the article is searching for conditions in the training process for forming a permanent part of motor coordination typical for a competitive technique during the growth spurt. Materials and methods. Body length and body weight were measured in 2 groups of young males on an annual basis. The first group consisted of non-athletes (n = 18), the second group comprised of young weightlifters (n = 18). The examination was conducted in the following age groups: from 10 to 13 years and from 14 to 16 years. Body composition was assessed through the Matejko method. Special fitness was measured by the barbell velocity during the lift established with the help of the photoelectron device based on a transmitter (optical quantum generator), a photodetector, and a recording device. Using the correlation between the factual and model values of minimum fixation speed the efficiency of motor coordination was assessed in the range of 60–100% of barbell weight. These correlations were also used for establishing a limiting character of technique and strength. Results. The analysis of body weight during the annual cycle showed the change in weight categories. This reflected athletes’ weight gain while preserving their qualification. An earlier increase in general growth in young weightlifters has been established, which confirms the advisability of early specialization. It was found that when performing a jerk, the minimum fixation speed of the barbell increases with increasing body length. The insufficiency of this indicator compared to qualified athletes is compensated by an increase in the importance of the muscle factor, which reduces the reliability of motor actions. A training technique is proposed aimed at a more effective implementation of motor skills and a decrease in the barbell speed based on pedagogical instruction and information on the barbell speed. This resulted in a statistically significant (t = 2.89; p < 0.05) increase in the number of successful barbell lifts. Conclusion. When doing weightlifting, it is necessary to stimulate general growth and the growth of muscle mass with training loads being a leading factor in sports results. The training process combined with pedagogical instruction forms a stable motor skill and a reasonable transition to the stage of performance enhancement.