Incompatibilités sanguines plaquettaires maternofœtales

Abstract

Fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) results from maternal alloimmunisation against fetal platelet antigens. It is considered as the platelet counterpart of the hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). In contrast to HDN, FNAIT can affect the first child. The frequency of this affection has been estimated to be 1 out of 800-1000 live births. Although it is a transient passive disease, the major complication is the occurrence of intracranial hemorrhage leading to death in up to 10-15 % of reported cases or neurological sequelae in up to 20-25 % of cases. Progress have been done in platelet immunology and clinical management, however there are still questions concerning the optimal management to be proposed for high risk pregnancy and implementation of routine antenatal screening.