Architecture, Nationalism, and the Fleeting Heyday of the Goan Temple

IF 0.2 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Kritika Kultura Pub Date : 2022-04-24 DOI:10.13185/kk2022.003823
A. Na
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Abstract

This essay about the changing architecture of Brahmanical shrines in Goa uses archival images to argue that the period from the mid- nineteenth century to the first decades of the twentieth was the heyday of the Goan temple, an architectural type of pronounced heterogeneity. A significant number of temples were rebuilt at this time into this form, along with the definitive establishment of a vocabulary that drew from the European Renaissance and Baroque, as well as the Deccan Sultanates and the Mughals. These developments happened against a backdrop of the rising influence of the dominant Brahmanical castes of Goa, especially the Saraswats. Not only was the control of most temples now formally in their hands, this was also a time when these castes, long the pillars of the Estado da Índia, were consolidating their forces and finding new opportunities for employment and prosperity. These were all surely connected to the propagation of a new and cosmopolitan architecture that reflected their wealth, influence, modern-ness, and also Goan-ness. But by the 1940s, Indian nationalism was in the air, especially amongst these elites, and their temples were found to fall short of the new mood. The result was to reject Europe and embrace the Indo-Saracenic, the ‘local’ style popular in British India. Thus began the demise of the Goan temple, which would accelerate after the Indian annexation of Goa in 1961.The cosmopolitan architecture that had once flaunted the success and worldliness of its Goan patrons had now become an embarrassment. This essay is about the changing architecture of Brahmanical shrines in Goa, and specifically about the very fleeting popularity of the Goan temple, a barely-recognised architectural type of pronounced heterogeneity. The main issue discussed here is the chronology of the rise and fall of this architectural type, specifically the fact that archival images of the temples from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries indicate that it may have originated in the nineteenth century, spread across Goa by the turn of the century, and began a decline in the 1940s from which it is yet to recover, even as Brahmanical temples proliferate at an exponential rate. This timeline challenges the prevalent idea that this temple architecture originated with the chronology new questions regarding the context and for the probable rise and undoubted popularity of this type the nineteenth century, and also for its decline soon afterwards. here both rise fall context nationalism—the first Goan Goa. garba cud tower
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建筑、民族主义和果阿神庙短暂的全盛时期
这篇关于果阿婆罗门神庙建筑变化的文章使用档案图像来论证从19世纪中期到20世纪头几十年是果阿神庙的全盛时期,这是一种明显的异质建筑类型。在这个时期,大量的寺庙被重建成这种形式,同时,从欧洲文艺复兴时期和巴洛克时期,以及德干苏丹国和莫卧儿王朝汲取的词汇也得到了最终的确立。这些发展是在果阿邦婆罗门种姓,尤其是萨拉斯瓦人的影响力不断上升的背景下发生的。现在不仅大多数寺庙的控制权正式掌握在他们手中,这些长期以来一直是国家Índia支柱的种姓,也在巩固自己的力量,寻找新的就业和繁荣机会。这些无疑都与一种新的世界性建筑的传播有关,这种建筑反映了他们的财富、影响力、现代性和goan性。但到了20世纪40年代,印度民族主义盛行,尤其是在这些精英阶层中,他们的寺庙被发现与这种新情绪不符。结果是拒绝欧洲,接受印度-撒拉逊风格,这是英属印度流行的“当地”风格。因此,果阿神庙的消亡开始了,并在1961年印度吞并果阿后加速了这一进程。曾经炫耀其果阿赞助人的成功和世俗的国际化建筑,现在变成了一种尴尬。这篇文章是关于果阿邦婆罗门神庙建筑的变化,特别是关于果阿邦寺庙的短暂流行,这是一种几乎不被认可的建筑类型,具有明显的异质性。这里讨论的主要问题是这种建筑类型的兴衰年表,特别是19世纪和20世纪初寺庙的档案图像表明,它可能起源于19世纪,在世纪之交传播到果阿,并在20世纪40年代开始衰落,至今尚未恢复,即使婆罗门寺庙以指数速度激增。这个时间表挑战了流行的观点,即这种寺庙建筑起源于年代的新问题,涉及到背景和这种类型在19世纪的可能兴起和毫无疑问的流行,以及之后不久的衰落。在这里,民族主义的兴起和衰落——第一个是果阿邦。Garba cud塔
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Kritika Kultura
Kritika Kultura Multiple-
CiteScore
0.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
62
期刊介绍: KK is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access, electronic journal of language and literary/cultural studies. It is published twice a year (February and August) by the Department of English, School of Humanities, Ateneo de Manila University, Philippines. It is acknowledged by a host of Asian and Asian American Studies libraries and scholars network, and indexed in MLA, EBSCO, and Scopus.
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