1.1.3 Rhodium/Palladium Dual Catalysis

U. Kim, S.-g. Lee
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Abstract

This chapter reviews the development and applications of rhodium/palladium dual catalysis in organic synthesis. Dual catalysis can be broadly classified into two types: (1) Synergistic dual catalysis, where two independent rhodium and palladium catalytic cycles operate simultaneously to activate two different starting materials with balanced kinetics to afford two catalytically activated intermediates. These activated intermediates react with each other to afford the final product. (2) Orthogonal tandem dual catalysis, where two catalytic cycles operate in a sequential manner, one after the other, to promote two or more mechanistically distinct reaction steps in a single pot to furnish the product. The first part of the chapter covers synergistic rhodium/palladium dual catalysis, detailing examples that feature a direct reaction between rhodium-activated intermediates and orthogonal, palladium-activated intermediates. The second part of the chapter describes one-pot reactions that utilize initial rhodium catalysis and sequential palladium catalysis. A single example where initial palladium catalysis is followed by subsequent rhodium catalysis is also presented.
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1.1.3铑/钯双催化
本章综述了铑/钯双催化在有机合成中的研究进展及其应用。双催化大致可分为两种类型:(1)协同双催化,即两个独立的铑和钯催化循环同时运行,激活两种不同的起始材料,动力学平衡,提供两种催化活化的中间体。这些活化的中间体相互反应产生最终产物。(2)正交串联双催化,其中两个催化循环以顺序的方式进行,一个接一个,在一个锅中促进两个或多个机械上不同的反应步骤,以提供产品。本章的第一部分介绍了协同铑/钯双催化,详细介绍了铑活化中间体和正交钯活化中间体之间直接反应的例子。本章的第二部分描述了利用初始铑催化和顺序钯催化的一锅反应。一个单一的例子,其中最初的钯催化后,随后的铑催化也提出。
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1.1.4 Iridium/Zinc and Iridium/Copper Dual Catalysis Back Matter 1.2.3 Palladium/Photocatalyst Dual Catalysis 1.1.5 Gold/Iron Dual Catalysis 1.2.2 Nickel/Photocatalyst Dual Catalysis
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