Evaluation of different treatment and management options for chondrosarcoma; the prognostic factors determining the outcome of the disease

K. Abbas, A. Siddiqui
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引用次数: 5

Abstract

Importance: This review provides an in-depth discussion of the different treatment and management strategies adopted for chondrosarcoma, the various outcomes and the prognostic factors of the disease. Chondrosarcoma is the third most common malignant bone tumor after myeloma and osteosarcoma. It is characterized by the production of a cartilaginous matrix by malignant cells. It can be classified according to the source of its origin, histopathologic grade, site of occurrence, and rarity. Chondrosarcomas that are de novo in nature are classified as primary chondrosarcomas, while those derived from pre-existing enchondromas or osteochondromas are regarded as secondary chondrosarcomas. Other rare forms of chondrosarcoma include dedifferentiated, mesenchymal, and clear cell chondrosarcomas. Observations/Findings: Early diagnosis, accurate interpretation of histopathology, precise grading, and careful localization are crucial in the management of chondrosarcoma. Surgery is the treatment of choice. Three forms of surgical interventions are present; curettage, radical resection, and amputation. The choice of procedure depends on the size and site of the lesion and degree of malignancy. Radical procedures give the most promising outcomes with wider margins yielding better prognosis. Recurrence is usually seen with delayed surgery, high histopathologic grading, inadequate surgical procedures, marginal excision or curettage, tumor present in inaccessible sites such as sacrum and metastasis. Conclusion: Chondrosarcoma is responsible for placing a significant burden on pediatric as well as adult orthopedic oncology. Optimum diagnosis, accurate interpretation of histopathology, precise grading, careful localization, and timely as well as adequate management is crucial to successfully manage and prevent recurrence of the disease. Surgery is the most effective form of treatment. The main goal of treatment and management is to keep well ahead of the growth of the neoplasm and to prevent recurrences.
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软骨肉瘤不同治疗和管理方案的评价决定疾病结局的预后因素
重要性:这篇综述深入讨论了软骨肉瘤的不同治疗和管理策略,各种结果和疾病的预后因素。软骨肉瘤是继骨髓瘤和骨肉瘤之后第三常见的恶性骨肿瘤。它的特点是由恶性细胞产生软骨基质。它可以根据其起源来源、组织病理分级、发生部位和罕见度进行分类。本质上新生的软骨肉瘤被归类为原发性软骨肉瘤,而来源于已有的软骨瘤或骨软骨瘤的软骨肉瘤被视为继发性软骨肉瘤。其他罕见形式的软骨肉瘤包括去分化、间充质和透明细胞软骨肉瘤。观察/发现:早期诊断、准确的组织病理学解释、精确的分级和仔细的定位对软骨肉瘤的治疗至关重要。手术是治疗的首选。目前有三种形式的手术干预;刮除,根治性切除和截肢。手术的选择取决于病变的大小、部位和恶性程度。根治性手术的结果最有希望,手术范围更广,预后更好。复发通常见于延迟手术、高组织病理学分级、不适当的外科手术、边缘切除或刮除、肿瘤出现在骶骨等难以接近的部位和转移。结论:软骨肉瘤是儿童和成人骨科肿瘤的重要负担。最佳的诊断,准确的组织病理学解释,精确的分级,仔细定位,及时和充分的管理是成功管理和预防疾病复发的关键。手术是最有效的治疗方法。治疗和管理的主要目标是保持肿瘤的生长和防止复发。
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