Global health concern of cyanotoxins in surface water and its various detection methods

Abstract

Water is an absolutely required resource for life, nourishment which now became a worldwide threat due to unenviable changes in an environment that are mainly instigated by human influence. The foremost progressions intensify the consequence, permitting the growth of cyanobacteria that is blue-green algae in surface water. CyanoHABs (Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms) occurred in its adopting nature according to the temperature fluctuations in the earth. In this study, a basic introduction to cyanotoxins as well as the entanglement of public health that includes the route of exposure, health effects, and the pervasive impact of cyanotoxins and alleviation efforts in the water bodies along with the toxicosis were appraised. Cyanobacterial toxins with the conditions like hepatotoxicosis (liver toxicity), neurotoxicosis (brain toxicity) and gastrointestinal disturbances, respiratory and allergic reactions were reviewed. Their detection process and the treatment techniques with various physicochemical methods and bioassay methods were also reviewed. The assorted techniques and their combinatorial detection methods that are adopted in this review will help us to eradicate the toxins from the surface water.