Les libertés des cités de l'Afrique romaine

IF 0.1 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Cartagine-Studi e Ricerche Pub Date : 2020-10-05 DOI:10.13125/CASTER/4222
Samir Aounallah
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

From the first contacts with Rome in 146 B.C. until the end of the reign of Septimius Severus in 211, African cities received legal privileges from the Senate or emperors, the most coveted of which was libertas. During these three and a half centuries, there were at least four major “liberation” movements. The first one is a consequence of the third Punic War, which saw the birth, in 146 B.C., of the first seven populi liberi, excluded from the formula provinciae. The second is a consequence of the victory of Marius against Jugurtha in 105 B.C. which resulted in the foundation, in Numidia, of at least three free “colonies”, not subject to the king’s potestas. The third and most important movement came after Caesar’s victory at Thapsus, which put an end to the old libertas and promoted others, increasing the total number of free cities from seven to thirty, all included in the formula provinciae. Finally, the last one is the emancipatory movement of Septimius Severus, which gave birth not to free peregrine cities, but exclusively to free municipalities. Africa experienced military events - the first civil war between Sylla and Marius, whose lieutenant was defeated by Pompey in 81 B.C., the revolt of the tribes of the center and the south from 22 B.C. to 6, the uprising of the Muslims of Tacfarinas, between 17 and 24., and finally the crises of succession - which weighed on the future of the cities according to the alliances they had concluded. During these three and a half centuries, the content of the libertas has greatly evolved.
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罗马非洲城市的自由
从公元前146年与罗马的第一次接触开始,直到211年塞普提米乌斯·塞维鲁统治结束,非洲城市从元老院或皇帝那里获得了法律特权,其中最令人垂涎的是自由。在这三个半世纪里,至少有四次主要的“解放”运动。第一个是第三次布匿战争的结果,公元前146年,第一批七个populi liberi的诞生,被排除在省的公式之外。第二个是公元前105年马略战胜朱古达的结果,在努米底亚建立了至少三个不受国王统治的自由“殖民地”。第三次也是最重要的一次运动发生在恺撒在塔普苏斯的胜利之后,这场运动结束了旧的自由城邦,并促进了其他的自由城邦,将自由城邦的总数从7个增加到30个,所有这些都包括在省的公式中。最后一个是塞普提米乌斯·塞维鲁的解放运动,它带来的不是自由的游民城市,而是完全自由的自治市。非洲经历了军事事件——公元前81年塞拉和马略之间的第一次内战,马略的中尉被庞培击败;公元前22年至公元前6年中部和南部部落的起义;公元前17年至24年塔克法里纳穆斯林的起义。最后是继承危机——根据他们所缔结的联盟,这些危机影响着城市的未来。在这三个半世纪里,自由宣言的内容有了很大的发展。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.70
自引率
66.70%
发文量
8
审稿时长
5 weeks
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