Employment in the age group 50+ in the Baltic states and its changes in response to COVID-19

Olga Rajevska, Agnese Reine, Diāna Baltmane
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Abstract

The objective of the study is to examine the patterns of the employment of older people in Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania over the recent decade and the changes brought about by the first wave coronavirus pandemic in spring 2020. The study is based on the Eurostat statistical data as well as the microdata from the recent wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement (SHARE). Particular attention is paid to the data collected in SHARE Wave 8 COVID-19 Survey conducted in June-August 2020 in 26 European countries and Israel via computer-assisted telephone interviews. Questions examined how people aged 50 years and older coped with socioeconomic and health-related impact of COVID-19. During the last decade, participation of older age groups in labour market is gradually growing with the increase of the statutory retirement age and life expectancy. Employment rates in the pre-retirement and post-retirement age groups are comparatively high in Latvia and other Baltic States as contrasted to the EU averages, especially among women. Despite of relatively worse health status, people in the Baltic countries also demonstrate the highest share of respondents with willingness to work even upon reaching pension age. In 2020, the COVID-19 had relatively mild impact on it. The branches with traditionally high share of workers aged 50+ (education, healthcare, agriculture, administrative services) were least affected by lockdown measures.
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波罗的海国家50岁以上年龄组就业情况及其应对COVID-19的变化
该研究的目的是研究拉脱维亚、爱沙尼亚和立陶宛近十年来老年人的就业模式,以及2020年春季第一波冠状病毒大流行带来的变化。这项研究是基于欧盟统计局的统计数据以及最近一波健康、老龄化和退休调查(SHARE)的微观数据。特别关注2020年6月至8月在26个欧洲国家和以色列通过计算机辅助电话访谈进行的SHARE第八波COVID-19调查收集的数据。问题调查了50岁及以上的人如何应对COVID-19的社会经济和健康影响。在过去十年中,随着法定退休年龄和预期寿命的提高,老年群体参加劳动力市场的人数逐渐增加。与欧盟平均水平相比,拉脱维亚和其他波罗的海国家退休前和退休后年龄组的就业率相对较高,特别是妇女的就业率。尽管波罗的海国家人民的健康状况相对较差,但在达到领取养老金年龄仍愿意工作的受访者中,波罗的海国家所占比例最高。2020年,新冠肺炎疫情对中国的影响相对较小。传统上50岁以上员工比例较高的部门(教育、医疗、农业、行政服务)受封锁措施的影响最小。
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