Treatment of Hypertension in the Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Hypertension (HTN) is the chronic elevation of blood pressure (BP) sufficient to increase the risk of HTN-mediated organ damage and other related complications in the general population, particularly in the presence of comorbidities.[1-4] It is the level of BP at which the benefits of lifestyle interventions or medical therapy outweigh the risks of treatment.[5] In 2015, the global prevalence of hypertension (HTN) was estimated to be 1.13 billion.[6] There is around 30–45% of adults worldwide diagnosed with HTN. Majority of those diagnosed with elevated BP are males. This is consistent across different countries regardless of socioeconomic status.[7] The aging population, sedentary lifestyles, and obesity contribute to the rise of HTN cases globally, with an estimated increase in disease prevalence to close to 1.5 billion by 2025.[8]