OBESITY AND TYPE 3 DIABETES: NUTRITIONAL APPROACHES AND THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATION

Abstract

Over nutrition induced diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes involve neural deregulation of metabolic physiology. Many findings describe the roles of over nutrition-associated hypothalamic inflammation in neurodegeneration and impaired adult neurogenesis as well as defective neural stem cell regeneration and their significance in obesity and related disease. Metabolic disorders include oxidative stress, insulin resistance, obesity and inflammation. Collectively, metabolic syndrome perturbs brain function and increases the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases, reflecting the possible involvement of obesity induced metabolic syndrome in development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) which is the most common form of dementia. Its key symptoms include progressive decline in the memory, impairment in speech, language, spatial orientation and dysfunction in the sensor motor system . Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually start slowly and worsens over time. It is the cause of 60-70% of cases of dementia . Several mechanisms have been described to understand pathology of AD including damaging groups of cholinergic neurons with down regulation of cholinergic markers accumulation of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) forming extracellular senile plaques, aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau to form intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and oxidative stress .