Civilian health during WWI and the causes of German defeat: a reexamination of the winter hypothesis.

Q4 Social Sciences Annales de Demographie Historique Pub Date : 1995-01-01 DOI:10.3406/ADH.1995.1903
H. Voth
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

This paper is a reexamination of the Winter hypothesis, which holds that there was a marked difference in the development of civilian health during the First World War between the central powers and the Western allies. Ultimate success on the battlefield, according to Winter, required balancing the needs of the military with civilian demands; Germany lost because it failed to achieve such a balance. The resulting decline in health standards undermined the war effort and eventually led to defeat. This article proceeds in two steps. First, it demonstrates that Winter's data does not allow him to make a proper comparison between the two camps. Second, I argue that his hypothesis can be refuted once a truly comparable source is used--infant mortality rated. There is as yet no convincing evidence to suggest that the outcome of the First world War was determined by public health policy.
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第一次世界大战期间的平民健康和德国战败的原因:对冬季假说的重新审视。
本文是对冬季假说的重新审视,该假说认为,在第一次世界大战期间,同盟国与西方盟国之间的平民健康发展存在显著差异。根据温特的说法,战场上的最终成功需要平衡军事需求和民用需求;德国输了,因为它没能达到这样的平衡。由此导致的卫生标准的下降破坏了战争的努力,最终导致了失败。本文分两个步骤进行。首先,这表明温特的数据不允许他对两个阵营进行适当的比较。其次,我认为,一旦使用真正可比的数据来源——婴儿死亡率,他的假设就可以被推翻。目前还没有令人信服的证据表明,第一次世界大战的结果是由公共卫生政策决定的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Annales de Demographie Historique
Annales de Demographie Historique Social Sciences-Demography
CiteScore
0.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
9
期刊介绍: Fondées en 1964 par la Société de Démographie Historique, les Annales de démographie historique, seule revue francophone du domaine, publient des recherches internationales en français et en anglais sur l"histoire, ou plutôt les histoires, de la population et de la famille telles qu"elles se présentent aujourd’hui : des travaux soucieux de leurs méthodes et de leurs catégories da"nalyse, des approches largement ouvertes sur l"histoire sociale et l"histoire de la santé, attentives aux apports de l’anthropologie comme de l"économie. Les Annales de démographie historique sont publiées avec le soutien du CNRS.
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